{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213246109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","title":"Not in Education Employment or Training (NEET) Trajectories Across Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Subsequent Mental Health","display_name":"Not in Education Employment or Training (NEET) Trajectories Across Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Subsequent Mental Health","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213246109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/15/2026.09.14.26362986.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/15/2026.09.14.26362986.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063576136","display_name":"Alex S. F. Kwong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-2771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-2771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155195","display_name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/030qtrs05","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387155195","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex S. F. Kwong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK","MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK","Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-2771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4387155195"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064410469","display_name":"Esme Elsden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-3588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-3588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esme Elsden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-3588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063576136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4387155195","https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12714","display_name":"Youth Education and Societal Dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12714","display_name":"Youth Education and Societal Dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13207","display_name":"Youth Substance Use and School Attendance","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neet","display_name":"NEET","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/not-in-education-employment-or-training","display_name":"not in education, employment or training","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-satisfaction","display_name":"life satisfaction","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide-attempts","display_name":"suicide attempts","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-trajectories","display_name":"mental health trajectories","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescence","display_name":"adolescence","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adulthood","display_name":"early adulthood","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avon-longitudinal-study-of-parents-and-children","display_name":"Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-relationship","display_name":"dose-response relationship","score":0.6399999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25740722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044915","display_name":"Disengagement theory","level":2,"score":0.8001000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.6891999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6503000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5963000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5145000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117179","display_name":"Life satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1691868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1811049","display_name":"Life course approach","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779861768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8565279","display_name":"Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778063736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8059302","display_name":"Adolescent health","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102959455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313954","display_name":"Repeated measures design","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/15/2026.09.14.26362986.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362986","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/15/2026.09.14.26362986.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2724104403","display_name":"The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) 2024-2029","funder_award_id":"MR/Z505924/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320360","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213246109.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213246109.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412838026","https://openalex.org/W7203495428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2614684026","https://openalex.org/W2606341468","https://openalex.org/W7203495428","https://openalex.org/W4399231477","https://openalex.org/W4400794153","https://openalex.org/W7203613056","https://openalex.org/W2903610831","https://openalex.org/W4200358910","https://openalex.org/W2752740211","https://openalex.org/W2038793098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"3,792":[2],"participants":[3],"from":[4],"the":[5],"Avon":[6],"Longitudinal":[7],"Study":[8],"of":[9,47],"Parents":[10],"and":[11,28,62,76,81,92],"Children,":[12],"we":[13],"examined":[14],"whether":[15],"repeatedly":[16],"being":[17],"Not":[18],"in":[19],"Education,":[20],"Employment":[21],"or":[22],"Training":[23],"(NEET)":[24],"between":[25],"ages":[26,87],"16":[27],"33":[29],"was":[30,42],"associated":[31,43],"with":[32,44],"mental":[33,94],"health":[34,95],"at":[35,86,97],"age":[36],"33.":[37],"Each":[38],"additional":[39],"NEET":[40,85,91,99],"occasion":[41],"higher":[45],"odds":[46],"depression":[48],"(OR:":[49],"1.29,":[50],"95%CI:":[51],"1.18\u20131.40),":[52],"anxiety":[53],"(1.21,":[54],"1.11\u2013":[55],"1.32),":[56],"lower":[57],"life":[58,74],"satisfaction":[59,75],"(1.53,":[60],"1.40\u20131.68)":[61],"a":[63,77],"recent":[64,78],"suicide":[65,79],"attempt":[66],"(1.51,":[67],"1.28\u20131.77).":[68],"Associations":[69],"were":[70],"dose-dependent":[71],"for":[72,83],"depression,":[73],"attempt,":[80],"strongest":[82],"first":[84,98],"25\u201333.":[88],"Preventing":[89],"repeated":[90],"addressing":[93],"need":[96],"entry":[100],"are":[101],"potential":[102],"intervention":[103],"targets.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00"}
