{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213197262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17090889","title":"Safety-Constrained Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Guidance for Visually Impaired Pedestrians: Multi-Camera Consensus Gating in Edge\u2013Fog\u2013Cloud ITS Architecture","display_name":"Safety-Constrained Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Guidance for Visually Impaired Pedestrians: Multi-Camera Consensus Gating in Edge\u2013Fog\u2013Cloud ITS Architecture","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213197262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17090889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17090889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17090889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17090889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17090889","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025252165","display_name":"Mourad Raif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75880681","display_name":"Hassania School of Public Works","ror":"https://ror.org/01ye8vh67","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Raif","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109424612","display_name":"Abdessamad El Rharras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-8459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-8459"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75880681","display_name":"Hassania School of Public Works","ror":"https://ror.org/01ye8vh67","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdessamad El Rharras","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064506479","display_name":"Rachid Saadane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-8313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-8313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75880681","display_name":"Hassania School of Public Works","ror":"https://ror.org/01ye8vh67","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachid Saadane","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007232302","display_name":"Abdellah Chehri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-6062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-6062","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-9528"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51768193","display_name":"Royal Military College of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04yr71909","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdellah Chehri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-6062","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"889","last_page":"889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.02590000070631504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visually-impaired-pedestrians","display_name":"visually impaired pedestrians","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-to-pedestrian-communication","display_name":"vehicle-to-pedestrian communication","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-gates","display_name":"safety gates","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-fog-cloud-architecture","display_name":"edge-fog-cloud architecture","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-systems","display_name":"intelligent transportation systems","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-to-everything-communication","display_name":"vehicle-to-everything communication","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15224491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169338","display_name":"Permissive","level":2,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5608999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194544171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21105679","display_name":"Gating","level":2,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020106864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visually impaired","level":2,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201004817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707071","display_name":"Guidance system","level":2,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17090889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17090889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17090889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202608.1191.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.1191.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.1191.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:56afbf3b006d44c79015cf5c2a8de38e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/56afbf3b006d44c79015cf5c2a8de38e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 17, Iss 9, p 889 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17090889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17090889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17090889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7250000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979260620","https://openalex.org/W2799108620","https://openalex.org/W2885800163","https://openalex.org/W2995136401","https://openalex.org/W3086436251","https://openalex.org/W3119686997","https://openalex.org/W4205298908","https://openalex.org/W4317748910","https://openalex.org/W4362732961","https://openalex.org/W4375928915","https://openalex.org/W4394787168","https://openalex.org/W4396982312","https://openalex.org/W4398762469","https://openalex.org/W4402978459","https://openalex.org/W4404198388","https://openalex.org/W4405475977","https://openalex.org/W4409659362","https://openalex.org/W4410582133","https://openalex.org/W4411599595","https://openalex.org/W4412444633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946653762","https://openalex.org/W4389961352","https://openalex.org/W7141135663","https://openalex.org/W7134232812","https://openalex.org/W4400237919","https://openalex.org/W2857701603","https://openalex.org/W3168617284","https://openalex.org/W1415471732","https://openalex.org/W3214682435","https://openalex.org/W2961021453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driving":[0],"assistance":[1],"and":[2,41,70,109,149,186],"autonomous":[3],"driving":[4],"are":[5,85],"among":[6],"the":[7,31,73,82,169],"fastest-evolving":[8],"domains":[9],"of":[10,33,168],"intelligent":[11],"transportation":[12],"systems":[13],"(ITSs).":[14],"However,":[15],"visually":[16],"impaired":[17],"pedestrians":[18],"(VIPs)":[19],"remain":[20],"weakly":[21],"protected":[22],"by":[23],"roadsides":[24],"or":[25,97],"vehicle":[26],"perception":[27],"systems,":[28],"especially":[29],"when":[30],"right":[32],"way":[34],"must":[35],"be":[36],"communicated":[37],"in":[38,166],"an":[39],"accessible":[40],"auditable":[42],"manner.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,101],"describe":[48],"a":[49,62,93,115,133],"safety-constrained":[50],"vehicle-to-pedestrian":[51],"(V2P)":[52],"architecture":[53],"designed":[54],"for":[55,189],"VIP":[56],"crossing":[57],"assistance.":[58],"The":[59,137],"system":[60],"creates":[61],"time-bounded":[63],"interaction":[64],"state":[65],"between":[66],"pedestrians,":[67],"roadside":[68],"infrastructure,":[69],"vehicles":[71],"at":[72],"Fog":[74],"level":[75],"to":[76,91],"avoid":[77],"permissive":[78,160,164],"instructions":[79],"before":[80],"all":[81],"safety":[83,135],"conditions":[84],"satisfied.":[86],"Our":[87,119],"objective":[88],"is":[89,123],"not":[90],"design":[92],"new":[94],"detector,":[95],"tracker,":[96],"MLLM":[98],"model.":[99],"Instead,":[100],"combine":[102],"edge":[103],"tier":[104],"descriptors,":[105,108],"Fog-tier":[106,139],"multi-view":[107],"multi-camera":[110,125,129],"multiple-object":[111],"tracking":[112],"(MC-MOT)":[113],"within":[114],"latency-constrained":[116],"V2P":[117],"loop.":[118],"main":[120],"empirical":[121],"focus":[122],"WildTrack":[124],"continuity":[126,140],"with":[127,154],"novel":[128],"consensus":[130],"gating":[131],"(MCCG),":[132],"geometric-support":[134],"gate.":[136],"reproduced":[138],"branch":[141],"reaches":[142],"MOTA":[143],"=":[144,147,151,156],"88.8%,":[145],"IDF1":[146],"91.7%,":[148],"HOTA":[150],"65.5%.":[152],"MCCG":[153],"M":[155],"4":[157],"retains":[158],"95%":[159],"eligibility":[161],"while":[162,179],"withholding":[163],"guidance":[165],"three":[167],"four":[170],"ID-switch":[171],"frames":[172],"(75%).":[173],"These":[174],"findings":[175],"support":[176],"component-level":[177],"feasibility,":[178],"leaving":[180],"field":[181],"deployment,":[182],"V2X":[183],"stack":[184],"validation,":[185],"user":[187],"studies":[188],"future":[190],"work.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00"}