{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212777613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","title":"Target-dependent parameter-effect landscapes of low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation in humans: a systematic review","display_name":"Target-dependent parameter-effect landscapes of low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation in humans: a systematic review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212777613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42779864","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13596525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/14/2026.09.11.26362849.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/14/2026.09.11.26362849.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015237054","display_name":"Hyunwoo Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-0159","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-0159"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyunwoo Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-0159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120383056","display_name":"Krishna Swetha Meka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishna Swetha Meka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151644153","display_name":"Andrew Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080287940","display_name":"George A. Mashour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-5932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-5932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George A. Mashour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-5932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091398848","display_name":"Anthony G. Hudetz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-1751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-1751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony G. Hudetz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001464571","display_name":"Zirui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-0206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-0206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zirui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-0206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015237054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13638","display_name":"Human auditory perception and evaluation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-intensity-focused-ultrasound","display_name":"low-intensity focused ultrasound","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-parameters","display_name":"acoustic parameters","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-repetition-frequency","display_name":"pulse repetition rate","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"duty cycle","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-monotonic-dose-response","display_name":"non-monotonic dose-response","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-brain-stimulation","display_name":"non-invasive brain stimulation","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.8258000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.633400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5842999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5266000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777670902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Human brain","level":2,"score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985948822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564897","display_name":"Focused ultrasound","level":3,"score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47611674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849491","display_name":"Neuroplasticity","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1337776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941955","display_name":"Facilitation","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191616109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512319","display_name":"Transcranial Doppler","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65835030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030681","display_name":"Brain size","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Human studies","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145940234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955830","display_name":"Brain morphometry","level":3,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50231774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639842","display_name":"Brain mapping","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/14/2026.09.11.26362849.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42779864","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42779864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13596525","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13596525/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.11.26362849","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/14/2026.09.11.26362849.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000911731","display_name":"Neuroimaging of Anesthetic Modulation of Human Consciousness","funder_award_id":"R01GM103894","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332682","display_name":"Medical School, University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212777613.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212777613.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390645914","https://openalex.org/W4405105674","https://openalex.org/W4415366905","https://openalex.org/W7169837679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416697772","https://openalex.org/W4402740823","https://openalex.org/W4404600341","https://openalex.org/W2888291143","https://openalex.org/W4411989565","https://openalex.org/W4363648541","https://openalex.org/W7202255118","https://openalex.org/W4405584990","https://openalex.org/W7222958571","https://openalex.org/W6923603062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"low-intensity":[1],"focused":[2],"ultrasound":[3],"(LIFU)":[4],"offers":[5],"a":[6,29,35,85,133,170,189],"rare":[7],"ability":[8],"to":[9,145,194],"noninvasively":[10],"modulate":[11],"human":[12,46,195],"brain":[13,37,164],"activity":[14],"in":[15],"superficial":[16],"and":[17,55,64,69,79,92,102,127,140,165],"deep":[18],"neural":[19],"structures.":[20],"Yet":[21],"the":[22,45,154,163],"field":[23],"still":[24],"cannot":[25],"reliably":[26],"predict":[27],"how":[28],"given":[30],"acoustic":[31,53,62,157],"protocol":[32,177],"will":[33],"affect":[34],"specific":[36],"target.":[38],"We":[39,58,179],"synthesize":[40],"230":[41],"LIFU":[42,176,196],"experiments":[43],"targeting":[44],"cerebrum":[47],"from":[48,116],"136":[49],"articles":[50],"reporting":[51],"sufficient":[52],"information":[54],"neuromodulatory":[56],"outcomes.":[57],"compare":[59],"associations":[60],"between":[61],"parameters":[63,147],"reported":[65],"outcomes":[66,83,108],"across":[67,77,88,162],"cortical":[68,78],"subcortical":[70,80],"targets.":[71,81],"This":[72],"reveals":[73],"divergent":[74],"parameter-effect":[75],"landscapes":[76],"Cortical":[82],"follow":[84],"nonmonotonic":[86],"organization":[87],"pulse":[89],"repetition":[90],"frequency":[91],"duty":[93,113],"cycle,":[94,114],"with":[95,99],"distinct":[96],"zones":[97],"associated":[98],"facilitation,":[100],"suppression,":[101],"null":[103],"or":[104],"ambiguous":[105],"effects.":[106,150],"Subcortical":[107],"instead":[109],"vary":[110],"predominantly":[111],"along":[112],"shifting":[115],"suppression":[117],"at":[118,123],"lower":[119],"values":[120],"toward":[121],"facilitation":[122],"higher":[124],"values.":[125],"Intensity":[126],"dose":[128],"factors":[129],"do":[130],"not":[131],"provide":[132,180],"consistent":[134],"target-independent":[135],"explanation":[136],"for":[137],"outcome":[138],"polarity,":[139],"current":[141],"evidence":[142],"is":[143],"insufficient":[144],"identify":[146,166],"promoting":[148],"lasting":[149],"These":[151],"findings":[152],"challenge":[153],"assumption":[155],"that":[156,173,187],"protocols":[158],"have":[159],"generalizable":[160],"effects":[161],"anatomical":[167],"target":[168],"as":[169],"central":[171],"dimension":[172],"should":[174],"inform":[175],"design.":[178],"SonoMap,":[181],"an":[182],"open,":[183],"interactive":[184],"web":[185],"resource":[186],"supports":[188],"more":[190],"systematic,":[191],"evidence-based":[192],"approach":[193],"neuromodulation.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00"}