{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212684149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.12096","title":"Driver and damping of the directed-flow response in heavy-ion collisions","display_name":"Driver and damping of the directed-flow response in heavy-ion collisions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212684149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.12096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.12096","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12096","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.12096","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.12096","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122331176","display_name":"Kishora Nayak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nayak, Kishora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Panchayat College , Bargarh 768028 , Odisha , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Panchayat College , Bargarh 768028 , Odisha , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025473718","display_name":"V. Bairathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-6911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-6911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185652977","display_name":"University of Tarapac\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04xe01d27","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185652977"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bairathi, Vipul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Alta Investigaci\u00f3n , Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1 , Casilla 7D , Arica 1000000 , Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Alta Investigaci\u00f3n , Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1 , Casilla 7D , Arica 1000000 , Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185652977"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10527","display_name":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10527","display_name":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10093","display_name":"Nuclear physics research studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-flow","display_name":"directed flow","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-ion-collisions","display_name":"heavy-ion collisions","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initial-state-geometry","display_name":"initial-state geometry","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscous-damping","display_name":"viscous damping","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knudsen-number","display_name":"Knudsen number","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-viscosity-to-entropy-density-ratio","display_name":"shear viscosity to entropy density ratio","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-flow","display_name":"elliptic flow","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-size-dependence","display_name":"system size dependence","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126818","display_name":"Dimensionless quantity","level":2,"score":0.8122000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.6664999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6226000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99692599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596577","display_name":"Dissipative system","level":2,"score":0.6154999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135593079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750766","display_name":"Scale invariance","level":2,"score":0.462799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989485891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56291844","display_name":"Viscous damping","level":3,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993200995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Shear viscosity","level":3,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188232333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2406056","display_name":"Mass ratio","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24692054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545546","display_name":"Stokes number","level":4,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80903900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5365798","display_name":"Elliptic flow","level":4,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44415725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913893","display_name":"Binary entropy function","level":3,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135768490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2250602","display_name":"Shear flow","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778702308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398642","display_name":"Safety factor","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124139854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127660","display_name":"Damping ratio","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.12096","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12096","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.12096","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.12096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.12096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.12096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.12096","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12096","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.12096","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327905","display_name":"National Institute of Science Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02r2k1c68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212684149.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212684149.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554733371","https://openalex.org/W1876847967","https://openalex.org/W1975430032","https://openalex.org/W2016733985","https://openalex.org/W2159696985","https://openalex.org/W2605346382","https://openalex.org/W2778758956","https://openalex.org/W3111677445","https://openalex.org/W4400600990","https://openalex.org/W4404450655","https://openalex.org/W6910719040","https://openalex.org/W7117246918","https://openalex.org/W7161292632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980770198","https://openalex.org/W2093514119","https://openalex.org/W2576143387","https://openalex.org/W3208634527","https://openalex.org/W4200629170","https://openalex.org/W4313388496","https://openalex.org/W7034254392","https://openalex.org/W2167579325","https://openalex.org/W2888480902","https://openalex.org/W1992118549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"initial-state":[1,129],"geometry":[2],"plays":[3],"a":[4,35,118,139,166],"crucial":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,49,101],"driving":[8,41],"directed":[9,47,155],"flow,":[10],"while":[11],"the":[12,16,26,66,77,80,85,94,105,111,125,128,144,154,172,178,184],"dissipative":[13],"response":[14,146],"of":[15,21,65,82,113,127,143,168,186],"medium":[17],"dampens":[18],"it.":[19],"Both":[20],"these":[22,40],"factors":[23],"influence":[24],"how":[25],"directed-flow":[27],"slope":[28],"varies":[29],"with":[30,135,147],"system":[31],"size.":[32],"We":[33,70,116],"developed":[34],"method":[36,202],"to":[37,123,163,189,193],"differentiate":[38],"between":[39,195],"and":[42,54,84,107,138,197],"damping":[43,142,159],"effects":[44],"on":[45,76,207],"charged-hadron":[46],"flow":[48,156,209],"O+O,":[50],"Cu+Cu,":[51],"Ru+Ru,":[52],"Au+Au,":[53],"U+U":[55],"collisions":[56,103],"at":[57],"$\\sqrt{s_{\\mathrm{NN}}}":[58],"=":[59],"200$~GeV":[60],"using":[61,199],"an":[62,200],"improved":[63],"version":[64],"string-melting":[67],"AMPT":[68],"model.":[69],"formulated":[71],"three":[72],"scaling":[73],"observables":[74],"based":[75],"entropy":[78,106,190],"density,":[79,191],"number":[81,97],"participants,":[83],"mass":[86,96],"number.":[87],"A":[88],"dimensionless":[89],"ratio":[90,185],"was":[91],"constructed,":[92],"revealing":[93],"threshold":[95],"$A":[98],"\\approx":[99,151,174],"35$":[100],"central":[102],"from":[104,177],"participant":[108],"scaling,":[109],"indicating":[110],"onset":[112],"collective":[114],"behavior.":[115],"constructed":[117],"kinetic-theory":[119],"Knudsen-number":[120],"($\\mathrm{Kn}$)":[121],"map":[122],"analyze":[124],"contributions":[126],"driver,":[130],"which":[131],"grows":[132],"as":[133],"$\\mathrm{Kn}^\u03ba$":[134],"$\u03ba\\approx":[136],"2$,":[137],"final-state":[140],"viscous":[141],"hydrodynamic":[145],"characteristic":[148],"scale":[149,160],"$\\mathrm{Kn}_0":[150,173],"0.27$":[152],"for":[153],"slope.":[157],"This":[158],"is":[161],"found":[162],"be":[164,194],"about":[165],"factor":[167],"2.5":[169],"smaller":[170],"than":[171],"0.7$":[175],"extracted":[176],"elliptic":[179],"flow.":[180],"Furthermore,":[181],"we":[182],"determined":[183],"shear":[187],"viscosity":[188],"$\u03b7/s$,":[192],"0.10":[196],"0.20,":[198],"alternative":[201],"that":[203],"does":[204],"not":[205],"rely":[206],"fitting":[208],"harmonics.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00"}