{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212609151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x22t28","title":"Designing optimal biodiversity observation networks","display_name":"Designing optimal biodiversity observation networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212609151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x22t28"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32942/x22t28","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x22t28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x22t28","pdf_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/14980/download/26029/","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/14980/download/26029/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056020766","display_name":"Michael Catchen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-6487","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-6487"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Catchen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-6487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008653392","display_name":"Francis Banville","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9051-0597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9051-0597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Banville","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9051-0597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076523966","display_name":"Penelope S. A. Blyth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-9668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-9668"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penelope Blyth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011023497","display_name":"Chris Brimacombe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-6106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-6106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Brimacombe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055790657","display_name":"Gabriel Dansereau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-3584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-3584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Dansereau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-3584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003455352","display_name":"Gracielle Higino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-8383","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-8383"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gracielle Higino","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-8383","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018609667","display_name":"Thomas Malpas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-609X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-609X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Malpas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094261986","display_name":"Hana Mayall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5722-8925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5722-8925"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hana Mayall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006574910","display_name":"Kari Norman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-2325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-2325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Norman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-2325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003087597","display_name":"Tanya Strydom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-1349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-1349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanya Strydom","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom","Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-1349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025863217","display_name":"Laura J. Pollock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-4027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-4027"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Pollock","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059590788","display_name":"Andrew Gonzalez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-8081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-8081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-8081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066550025","display_name":"Timoth\u00e9e Poisot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-5184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-5184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timoth\u00e9e Poisot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-5184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al , QC , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.43459999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.43459999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.35010001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.10189999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kunming-montreal-global-biodiversity-framework","display_name":"Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monitoring-network-design","display_name":"monitoring network design","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policymaking","display_name":"environmental policy-making","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-constraints","display_name":"budget constraints","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.7452999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.7437999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.707099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994246104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641498","display_name":"Biodiversity conservation","level":3,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112276597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16191822","display_name":"Measurement of biodiversity","level":4,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187604713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570810","display_name":"Global biodiversity","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780815959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18390984","display_name":"Monitoring and evaluation","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32942/x22t28","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x22t28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x22t28","pdf_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/14980/download/26029/","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eer:id:14980","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/14980/download/26029/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402488","display_name":"EcoEvoRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EcoEvoRxiv","raw_type":"PREPRINTS"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32942/x22t28","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x22t28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x22t28","pdf_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/14980/download/26029/","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212609151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212609151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997725098","https://openalex.org/W2004207982","https://openalex.org/W2061920292","https://openalex.org/W2092322680","https://openalex.org/W2126194992","https://openalex.org/W2127012740","https://openalex.org/W2128228580","https://openalex.org/W2147343628","https://openalex.org/W2155403334","https://openalex.org/W2169286869","https://openalex.org/W2322480672","https://openalex.org/W2735420942","https://openalex.org/W2796458509","https://openalex.org/W2893293868","https://openalex.org/W2902940553","https://openalex.org/W2938474482","https://openalex.org/W2981733351","https://openalex.org/W3175139132","https://openalex.org/W4220901123","https://openalex.org/W4308884433","https://openalex.org/W4378620138","https://openalex.org/W4386142378","https://openalex.org/W4390590963","https://openalex.org/W4391885752","https://openalex.org/W4401371757","https://openalex.org/W4403253329","https://openalex.org/W4407119511","https://openalex.org/W4407727237","https://openalex.org/W4411187315","https://openalex.org/W4413817754","https://openalex.org/W7124136258","https://openalex.org/W7155383185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055574623","https://openalex.org/W1895346734","https://openalex.org/W4386142378","https://openalex.org/W6910765128","https://openalex.org/W4403987886","https://openalex.org/W7081914066","https://openalex.org/W2569460000","https://openalex.org/W7130954700","https://openalex.org/W7095618883","https://openalex.org/W2804329445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Meeting":[0],"the":[1,4,18,57,79,94,101,136,147,152],"goals":[2,148],"of":[3,20,62,82,96,103,151],"Global":[5,22],"Biodiversity":[6,23],"Framework":[7],"(GBF)":[8],"requires":[9],"a":[10,21,33,60,70,89,132],"substantial":[11],"increase":[12],"in":[13],"biodiversity":[14,39,64],"monitoring":[15,40,65,75,97,113,123],"effort,":[16],"motivating":[17],"development":[19],"Observing":[24],"System":[25],"(GBiOS).":[26],"However,":[27],"GBiOS":[28,139],"cannot":[29],"be":[30],"built":[31],"without":[32],"practical":[34],"framework":[35,91],"for":[36,59,74,92,112,134],"designing":[37],"effective":[38,138],"networks":[41,76],"that":[42,77],"balances":[43],"budgetary":[44],"constraints":[45],"with":[46],"competing":[47],"policy":[48],"objectives,":[49],"which":[50],"we":[51,55],"currently":[52],"lack.":[53],"Here":[54],"provide":[56],"foundations":[58],"theory":[61],"optimal":[63,126],"design":[66,99],"based":[67],"on:":[68],"(1)":[69],"hierarchical,":[71],"multi-layer":[72],"architecture":[73],"matches":[78],"multi-scale":[80],"nature":[81],"ecological":[83],"processes":[84],"and":[85,107,125,145,149],"environmental":[86,122],"policymaking,":[87],"(2)":[88],"simulation-based":[90],"evaluating":[93],"efficacy":[95],"network":[98],"against":[100],"variety":[102],"plausible":[104],"\u201cecological":[105],"worlds\u201d,":[106],"(3)":[108],"an":[109],"integrative":[110],"toolbox":[111],"design,":[114,124],"drawing":[115],"on":[116],"methods":[117],"from":[118],"spatial":[119],"sampling":[120],"theory,":[121],"decision":[127],"theory.":[128],"Together,":[129],"these":[130],"form":[131],"basis":[133],"building":[135],"most":[137],"possible":[140],"to":[141],"best":[142],"inform":[143],"policymaking":[144],"meet":[146],"targets":[150],"GBF.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00"}