{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212467140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/93182","title":"Examining subjective and physiological stress among Black family caregivers of people living with dementia who use adult day services: Protocol for the PEACE mixed-methods study (Preprint)","display_name":"Examining subjective and physiological stress among Black family caregivers of people living with dementia who use adult day services: Protocol for the PEACE mixed-methods study (Preprint)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212467140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/93182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/93182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/93182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/93182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739058702","display_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","issn_l":"1929-0748","issn":["1929-0748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320608","host_organization_name":"JMIR Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320608"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["JMIR Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/93182","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088180076","display_name":"Lauren J. Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3143-2979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3143-2979"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren J. Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3143-2979","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117135085","display_name":"Alma Rincongallardo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alma Rincongallardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052636076","display_name":"Roland J. Thorpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-4997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-4997"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland J. Thorpe Jr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016743580","display_name":"Joseph E. Gaugler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-485X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-485X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph E. Gaugler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-485X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66546076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.5205000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.5205000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13111","display_name":"Nursing care and research","score":0.3555000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11632","display_name":"Family and Disability Support Research","score":0.024900000542402267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-caregiving","display_name":"dementia caregiving","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-day-care","display_name":"adult day care","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caregiver-stress","display_name":"caregiver stress","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-stress","display_name":"physiological stress","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-cortisol","display_name":"salivary cortisol","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-amylase","display_name":"salivary amylase","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telomere-length","display_name":"telomere length","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daily-hassles","display_name":"daily hassles","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respite-care","display_name":"respite care","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/within-person-analysis","display_name":"within-person analysis","score":0.5410000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.7483000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778900529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2827779","display_name":"Family caregivers","level":2,"score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.5311999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779878486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053589","display_name":"Caregiver burden","level":4,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776101926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038976","display_name":"Caregiver stress","level":4,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993577864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123414","display_name":"Physiological stress","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78604142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640582","display_name":"Fight-or-flight response","level":3,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54039966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404268","display_name":"Stress management","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2196/93182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/93182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/93182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739058702","display_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","issn_l":"1929-0748","issn":["1929-0748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320608","host_organization_name":"JMIR Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320608"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["JMIR Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2196/preprints.93182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.93182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.93182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/93182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/93182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/93182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739058702","display_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","issn_l":"1929-0748","issn":["1929-0748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320608","host_organization_name":"JMIR Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320608"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["JMIR Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol","display_name":"Study Protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013335489","https://openalex.org/W2032379373","https://openalex.org/W2084124728","https://openalex.org/W2110227759","https://openalex.org/W2112778345","https://openalex.org/W2122900522","https://openalex.org/W2138437279","https://openalex.org/W2164110844","https://openalex.org/W2187884992","https://openalex.org/W2204688368","https://openalex.org/W2530999610","https://openalex.org/W2539760417","https://openalex.org/W2596736236","https://openalex.org/W2914450426","https://openalex.org/W3042364338","https://openalex.org/W3164840586","https://openalex.org/W4385621703","https://openalex.org/W4399160161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128532903","https://openalex.org/W2760895792","https://openalex.org/W2597632111","https://openalex.org/W2773867774","https://openalex.org/W2761795835","https://openalex.org/W4388711961","https://openalex.org/W3045895246","https://openalex.org/W2579717441","https://openalex.org/W7136395880","https://openalex.org/W3118269646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"Family":[1],"caregiving":[2,28,110],"for":[3,53,79],"individuals":[4],"living":[5],"with":[6,14,101],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[7],"disease":[8],"and":[9,17,29,33,51,68,98,112,151,156,167,196,208,231,256,265],"related":[10],"dementias":[11],"is":[12,57,118],"associated":[13],"chronic":[15],"psychological":[16],"physiological":[18,69,113],"stress.":[19],"Black/African":[20,128],"American":[21,129],"caregivers":[22,93,131,255],"are":[23,180,201,214,218,234],"disproportionately":[24],"engaged":[25],"in":[26,39,71,267],"dementia":[27,92,130,254,268],"experience":[30],"cumulative":[31],"social":[32],"health-related":[34],"stressors,":[35,109],"yet":[36],"remain":[37],"underrepresented":[38],"studies":[40],"examining":[41],"biological":[42],"stress":[43,70,88,114,149,250],"mechanisms.":[44],"Adult":[45],"Day":[46],"Services":[47],"(ADS)":[48],"provide":[49],"respite":[50],"support":[52],"caregivers;":[54],"however,":[55],"little":[56],"known":[58],"about":[59],"how":[60],"daily":[61,87,108,148],"use":[62,133],"of":[63,147,186,239],"ADS":[64,134,195],"relates":[65],"to":[66,85],"subjective":[67],"this":[72],"population.":[73],"OBJECTIVE":[74],"The":[75,242],"Providing":[76],"Evidence-Based":[77],"Approaches":[78],"Caregiver":[80],"Stress":[81],"(PEACE)":[82],"Study":[83,244],"aims":[84],"characterize":[86],"processes":[89],"among":[90,252],"Black":[91,253],"by":[94],"integrating":[95],"subjective,":[96],"biological,":[97],"qualitative":[99,160,212],"data,":[100],"a":[102,141,157],"focus":[103],"on":[104,249],"understanding":[105],"associations":[106],"between":[107],"context,":[111],"markers.":[115],"METHODS":[116],"PEACE":[117,243],"an":[119,183],"ongoing":[120,235],"Stage":[121],"0,":[122],"convergent":[123],"mixed-methods":[124],"study":[125,227],"enrolling":[126],"50":[127],"who":[132],"at":[135,171,236,261],"least":[136],"twice":[137],"weekly.":[138],"Participants":[139],"complete":[140],"baseline":[142],"survey,":[143],"five":[144],"consecutive":[145],"days":[146],"diaries":[150],"home-based":[152],"salivary":[153],"biomarker":[154],"collection,":[155],"follow-up":[158],"semi-structured":[159],"interview.":[161],"Salivary":[162],"biomarkers":[163],"include":[164],"cortisol,":[165],"alpha-amylase,":[166],"telomere":[168],"length,":[169],"collected":[170],"four":[172],"standardized":[173],"time":[174,238],"points":[175],"per":[176],"day.":[177],"Daily":[178],"stressors":[179],"assessed":[181],"using":[182,203],"abbreviated":[184],"Inventory":[185],"Small":[187],"Life":[188],"Events.":[189],"A":[190],"within-person":[191],"analytic":[192],"framework":[193],"compares":[194],"non-ADS":[197],"days.":[198],"Quantitative":[199],"data":[200,213,232],"analyzed":[202,215],"descriptive":[204],"statistics,":[205],"multilevel":[206],"modeling,":[207],"regression":[209],"analyses,":[210],"while":[211],"thematically.":[216],"Findings":[217],"integrated":[219],"during":[220],"interpretation.":[221],"RESULTS":[222],"This":[223],"paper":[224],"describes":[225],"the":[226,237],"protocol.":[228],"Participant":[229],"recruitment":[230],"collection":[233],"submission":[240],"CONCLUSIONS":[241],"will":[245],"generate":[246],"foundational":[247],"evidence":[248],"mechanisms":[251],"inform":[257],"future":[258],"research":[259],"aimed":[260],"supporting":[262],"caregiver":[263],"health":[264],"equity":[266],"care.":[269],"CLINICALTRIAL":[270],"ClinicalTrials.gov":[271],"Identifier:":[272],"NCT06451250":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00"}