{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212433941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7456838","title":"Reducing or Relocating Transaction Costs? \u2022 Working Paper \u2022","display_name":"Reducing or Relocating Transaction Costs? \u2022 Working Paper \u2022","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212433941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7456838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7456838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7456838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7456838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7456838","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027592574","display_name":"David Bartlitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-8299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-8299"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Bartlitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-8299","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027592574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14317","display_name":"Finance, Markets, and Regulation","score":0.7383000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14317","display_name":"Finance, Markets, and Regulation","score":0.7383000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13346","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Financial Services","score":0.13109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.07100000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-security","display_name":"electronic security","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dematerialization","display_name":"dematerialization","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-costs","display_name":"transaction costs","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"interoperability","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-acceptance","display_name":"market acceptance","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-financial-market","display_name":"German financial market","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6097999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.5795999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98965940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496","display_name":"Transaction cost","level":2,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179262372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778043","display_name":"Electronic trading","level":2,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63394406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6979559","display_name":"National best bid and offer","level":5,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61047874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1466447","display_name":"Private placement","level":3,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51485801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16966861","display_name":"Efficient frontier","level":3,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779721780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18351085","display_name":"Dematerialization (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68694590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267558","display_name":"Original equipment manufacturer","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71052197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914495","display_name":"Electronic funds transfer","level":3,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5600068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21002696","display_name":"Broker-dealer","level":3,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164516710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166072","display_name":"Financial transaction","level":3,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97044346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639871","display_name":"Hybrid security","level":4,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29143872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876690","display_name":"Business process reengineering","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694563","display_name":"Collateral","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992701085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3322597","display_name":"Security market","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777064627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151423","display_name":"Financial innovation","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19244329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208697","display_name":"Financial market","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7456838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7456838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7456838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7456838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7456838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7456838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282830307","https://openalex.org/W4285259175","https://openalex.org/W4212920970","https://openalex.org/W6963349813","https://openalex.org/W4236016831","https://openalex.org/W3175728536","https://openalex.org/W2187910783","https://openalex.org/W273927625","https://openalex.org/W2403368725","https://openalex.org/W1482698170"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00"}