{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212379841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","title":"Magnetophoretic modulation of BaSO$$_4$$ scaling: laboratory investigation and industrial case study","display_name":"Magnetophoretic modulation of BaSO$$_4$$ scaling: laboratory investigation and industrial case study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212379841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-68197-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-68197-z_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071164443","display_name":"M. ElMassalami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-1946","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-1946"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. ElMassalami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, 21945-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, 21945-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151440612","display_name":"G. G. Silva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. G. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, 21945-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, 21945-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074711184","display_name":"M. R. Silva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. R. da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, 21945-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, 21945-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004802674","display_name":"Amal Elzubair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8626-5178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8626-5178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41870","display_name":"Military Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03veakt65","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41870"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Elzubair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Institute of Engineering, Pra\u00e7a General Tib\u00farcio 80, 22290-270, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Institute of Engineering, Pra\u00e7a General Tib\u00farcio 80, 22290-270, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151542850","display_name":"J. C. Queiroz Neto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161127581","display_name":"Universidade Federal Fluminense","ror":"https://ror.org/02rjhbb08","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161127581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. C. Queiroz Neto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica e de Petr\u00f3leo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica e de Petr\u00f3leo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161127581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151435398","display_name":"N. M. Pinhal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. M. Pinhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, 21945-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, 21945-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071164443"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70436612,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12976","display_name":"Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12976","display_name":"Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11881","display_name":"Crystallization and Solubility Studies","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11278","display_name":"Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barium-sulfate-scale","display_name":"barium sulfate scale","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetophoresis","display_name":"magnetophoresis","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-nucleation","display_name":"heterogeneous nucleation","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-agglomeration","display_name":"particle agglomeration","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-polarization","display_name":"particle polarization","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallization-kinetics","display_name":"crystallization kinetics","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fouling","display_name":"fouling","score":0.3050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61048295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022","display_name":"Nucleation","level":2,"score":0.741599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149792144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071902","display_name":"Coalescence (physics)","level":2,"score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5748000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C779372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217121","display_name":"Ferrimagnetism","level":4,"score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179428855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069216","display_name":"Microscale chemistry","level":2,"score":0.5094000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200447597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334104","display_name":"Supersaturation","level":2,"score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82217956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203036418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284256","display_name":"Crystallization","level":2,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115792997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1439803","display_name":"Fouling","level":3,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45206210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2415817","display_name":"Nanoscopic scale","level":2,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87023908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3870166","display_name":"Magnetic nanoparticles","level":3,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776870568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190873","display_name":"Desalination","level":3,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6047279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1439821","display_name":"Biofouling","level":3,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129955480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257738","display_name":"Agglomerate","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-68197-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10595048/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10595048/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10595048/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-68197-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-68197-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5129974484443665,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2327309115","display_name":"Polymeric Additives and Nanosystems applied to the Energy Sector","funder_award_id":"25/02341-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7573278482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"projects 2017/00174-0 and 2017/00184-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322468","funder_display_name":"Petrobras"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322468","display_name":"Petrobras","ror":"https://ror.org/0235kyq22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323909","display_name":"Ag\u00eancia Nacional do Petr\u00f3leo, G\u00e1s Natural e Biocombust\u00edveis","ror":"https://ror.org/00phthq42"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212379841.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212379841.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Scale":[1],"formation":[2],"in":[3,13,64,78,134],"supersaturated":[4],"BaSO":[5,58],"4":[6,59],"-bearing":[7,60],"uids":[8,61,69],"poses":[9],"a":[10,44,116,151],"persistent":[11],"challenge":[12],"domestic":[14],"and":[15,28,88,112,137,148,154,169,175],"industrial":[16,170],"settings":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,30],"the":[20,34,92,135],"scalant's":[21],"extremely":[22],"low":[23],"solubility,":[24],"high":[25],"mechanical":[26],"strength,":[27],"resistance":[29],"removal.":[31],"We":[32],"revisit":[33],"long-standing":[35],"question":[36],"of":[37,94],"whether":[38],"magnetic":[39,163],"fields":[40],"can":[41,84,102,138],"mitigate":[42],"such":[43],"scaling.":[45],"Under":[46],"our":[47,51],"current":[48],"experimental":[49],"conditions,":[50],"analysis":[52],"shows":[53],"that":[54,131],"magnetic-field":[55],"effects":[56],"on":[57,162],"are":[62,76],"negligible":[63],"magnetically":[65],"clean":[66],"uids.":[67],"In":[68],"containing":[70],"ferromagnetic":[71],"or":[72],"ferrimagnetic":[73],"particulates,":[74],"which":[75],"common":[77],"practical":[79],"settings,":[80,171],"strong":[81],"field":[82],"gradients":[83],"induce":[85],"particle":[86],"polarization":[87],"magnetophoretic":[89],"drift,":[90],"promoting":[91],"coalescence":[93],"nanoscale":[95],"particles":[96],"into":[97],"larger":[98],"agglomerates.":[99],"These":[100],"agglomerates":[101],"act":[103],"as":[104],"heterogeneous":[105,146],"nucleation":[106,147],"templates,":[107],"thereby":[108],"modifying":[109],"crystallization":[110],"kinetics":[111],"deposit":[113],"morphology.":[114],"As":[115],"result,":[117],"precipitation":[118],"may":[119],"be":[120,139],"partially":[121],"redirected":[122],"from":[123],"undesirable":[124],"surface-bound":[125],"fouling":[126],"toward":[127,145],"volume-bound":[128],"suspended":[129],"particulates":[130],"remain":[132],"entrained":[133],"ow":[136],"more":[140],"readily":[141],"removed.":[142],"This":[143],"shift":[144],"growth":[149],"provides":[150],"possible":[152],"eld-":[153],"contamination-mediated":[155],"mechanism":[156],"for":[157],"rationalizing":[158],"many":[159],"disparate":[160],"reports":[161],"anti-scale":[164],"treatment":[165],"across":[166],"laboratory,":[167],"domestic,":[168],"including":[172],"hydrocarbon":[173],"oil":[174],"gas":[176],"environments.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-09-13T00:00:00"}
