{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212355458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","title":"Sex & Gender Science: integrating the social with the biological","display_name":"Sex & Gender Science: integrating the social with the biological","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212355458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184776610","display_name":"Biology of Sex Differences","issn_l":"2042-6410","issn":["2042-6410"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology of Sex Differences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084744777","display_name":"Gillian Einstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-5471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-5471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802437833","display_name":"Baycrest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gp5b411","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802437833"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258058","display_name":"Baycrest Academy for Research and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/001fxzj49","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258058"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263474","display_name":"Rotman Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01kvpec59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258058","https://openalex.org/I4405263474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287337","display_name":"Women\u2019s College Hospital Research and Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04wx8hm39","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801816099","https://openalex.org/I4405287337"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gillian Einstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada","Women\u2019s College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802437833","https://openalex.org/I4405258058","https://openalex.org/I4405263474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Women\u2019s College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017235084","display_name":"Louise Pilote","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-0628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-0628"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801766832","display_name":"McGill University Health Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpxjv19","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832","https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263283","display_name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04pemf943","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832","https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405263283","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Louise Pilote","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine McGill, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada","The Institute, McGill University Health, 5252 de Maisonneuve West, 2B.39, Montr\u00e9al, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-0628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine McGill, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832","https://openalex.org/I4405263283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute, McGill University Health, 5252 de Maisonneuve West, 2B.39, Montr\u00e9al, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016239154","display_name":"Geert J. De Vries","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert De Vries","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006360045","display_name":"Sarah Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-0087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-0087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088504894","display_name":"Nancy Gene Forger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-1307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-1307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Forger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036684655","display_name":"Mateja Perovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-8011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-8011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateja Perovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151543114","display_name":"Sofia Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151497403","display_name":"Greta Bauer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greta Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eli Coleman Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eli Coleman Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090534884","display_name":"Ian D. Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-1216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-1216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482656","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtef216","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I2800722420","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian D. Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Implementation Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada","School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Implementation Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071858847","display_name":"Lorraine Greaves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-8836","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-8836"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097592","display_name":"British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00xvm4f81","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097592"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorraine Greaves","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Senior Investigator, Centre of Excellence for Women\u2019s Health, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Investigator, Centre of Excellence for Women\u2019s Health, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055607373","display_name":"Ineke I Klinge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-9149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-9149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ineke Klinge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dutch Society for Gender & Health, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dutch Society for Gender & Health, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024327469","display_name":"Carmen H. Logie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-433X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-433X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801816099","display_name":"Women's College Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03cw63y62","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801816099"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen H. Logie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Gender & Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Gender & Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801816099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151496873","display_name":"Donald McKay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald McKay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151503149","display_name":"Michael S. McMurtry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. McMurtry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029956004","display_name":"John Lindsay Oliffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9029-4003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9029-4003","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-1869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU","CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John L. Oliffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076417160","display_name":"Cara Tannenbaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-2333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-2333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cara Tannenbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":21,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017235084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832","https://openalex.org/I4405263283","https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63763066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13503","display_name":"Gender, Health, and Social Inequality","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender","display_name":"gender","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants-of-health","display_name":"social determinants of health","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transdisciplinary-research","display_name":"transdisciplinary research","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-outcome","display_name":"disease outcome","score":0.847000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.7394999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910988560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12094637","display_name":"Biological sex","level":2,"score":0.7116000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018977659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20812284","display_name":"Same sex","level":2,"score":0.4781999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191700502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12094637","display_name":"Gender psychology","level":3,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991839931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48264","display_name":"Gender identity","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778945730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517875","display_name":"Sex characteristics","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986265897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23852","display_name":"Human physiology","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163877629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642673","display_name":"Social constructionism","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019212871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43445","display_name":"Female sex","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778595151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1234942","display_name":"Doing gender","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184776610","display_name":"Biology of Sex Differences","issn_l":"2042-6410","issn":["2042-6410"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology of Sex Differences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00977-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184776610","display_name":"Biology of Sex Differences","issn_l":"2042-6410","issn":["2042-6410"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology of Sex Differences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016427146","https://openalex.org/W7160951312","https://openalex.org/W4390637365","https://openalex.org/W4387808558","https://openalex.org/W2041556901","https://openalex.org/W2506007520","https://openalex.org/W4300238302","https://openalex.org/W4385725702","https://openalex.org/W7003793541","https://openalex.org/W4392385808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"For":[1],"decades,":[2],"researchers":[3],"have":[4],"largely":[5],"studied":[6],"aspects":[7],"of":[8,40],"sex":[9,52,66,91],"and":[10,19,44,53,57,78,92,96,100,109,117,123],"gender":[11,54,68,93],"separately;":[12],"the":[13,20,42,49,119],"former":[14],"as":[15,22,36,112],"a":[16,23,81],"basic":[17],"science":[18],"latter":[21],"social":[24,45],"construct":[25],"with":[26],"real":[27],"world":[28],"consequences,":[29],"including":[30],"health":[31],"inequities.":[32],"In":[33,103],"recent":[34],"years,":[35],"our":[37],"collective":[38],"understanding":[39],"how":[41,90],"biological":[43],"intersect":[46],"has":[47,60],"advanced,":[48],"realization":[50],"that":[51],"are":[55,73],"interactional":[56],"deeply":[58],"interwoven":[59],"deepened.":[61],"It":[62],"is":[63],"not":[64],"either":[65],"or":[67],"but":[69],"both,":[70],"together.":[71],"We":[72],"calling":[74],"this":[75,104],"ensemble,":[76],"Sex":[77,108],"Gender":[79,110],"Science,":[80],"transdisciplinary,":[82],"integrative":[83],"field,":[84],"combining":[85],"diverse":[86],"methods":[87],"to":[88],"investigate":[89],"dynamically":[94],"interact":[95],"influence":[97],"disease":[98],"outcomes":[99],"illness":[101],"insights.":[102],"article,":[105],"we":[106],"propose":[107],"Science":[111],"an":[113],"emerging":[114],"bio-social-medical":[115],"field":[116],"describe":[118],"need,":[120],"its":[121],"growth,":[122],"future":[124],"directions.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-24T09:50:30.924529","created_date":"2026-09-13T00:00:00"}