{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212350737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722953","title":"Transport Papers T14. Dark Matter and the Arrow of Time","display_name":"Transport Papers T14. Dark Matter and the Arrow of Time","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212350737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22722953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722953","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144184104","display_name":"Leon Butler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4449-5617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4449-5617"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Butler, Leon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4449-5617","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5144184104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.7099999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.7099999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.10700000077486038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.04919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-matter","display_name":"dark matter","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrow-of-time","display_name":"arrow of time","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mirror-matter","display_name":"mirror matter","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirality","display_name":"chirality","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baryon-asymmetry","display_name":"baryon asymmetry","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-model","display_name":"Standard Model","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-orientation","display_name":"time orientation","score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-dark-matter","display_name":"cold dark matter","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780339515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074698","display_name":"Arrow","level":2,"score":0.5062000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4618000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159249277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925","display_name":"Dark matter","level":2,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110916831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83197","display_name":"Antimatter","level":4,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91229774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193885","display_name":"Infinitesimal","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72422203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392545","display_name":"SPHERES","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126320844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153477","display_name":"Cold dark matter","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777586403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4243098","display_name":"Hook","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22722953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22722954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23241522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23241522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23241522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22722953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22722953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5550522804260254}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"T14":[0],"of":[1,21,103,129,145,184,246,252,395,409,497,541,547,560],"the":[2,19,22,26,58,64,70,80,89,93,105,127,130,148,159,171,189,213,224,231,244,270,273,308,313,316,333,361,405,427,434,453,466,486,498,501,528,544,548,552,558,561],"Transport":[3,13,343],"Papers.":[4],"Version":[5],"2.0.":[6],"74":[7],"pages.":[8],"Epistemic":[9],"status:":[10],"Tier":[11,254],"C.":[12],"runs":[14],"in":[15,136,269,307,340,371,401,413,479,507,566],"eight":[16],"parallel":[17],"towers,":[18],"residues":[20,150],"Clifford":[23,509],"clock.":[24],"At":[25],"dimension":[27,142],"nearest":[28],"four":[29,66],"(a":[30],"flagged":[31],"premise)":[32],"two":[33,48,134,293,393],"towers":[34],"are":[35,261,422,482,550],"sterile,":[36],"r":[37,44],"=":[38,45,197],"4":[39],"with":[40,47,439,460,569],"no":[41,152],"time":[42],"and":[43,92,154,258,289,291,297,352,382,404,411,417,469,492,526,543,557],"0":[46],"(an":[49],"imported":[50],"fork):":[51],"six":[52],"can":[53],"hold":[54],"matter,":[55],"five":[56],"dark;":[57],"mirror":[59,97,160,235],"is":[60,75,99,126,158,223,240,305,338,379,436,472,500],"populated":[61],"by":[62,67,205,505,535],"indifference,":[63],"odd":[65,149,163],"inference":[68],"from":[69],"observed":[71],"remainder.":[72],"The":[73,96,123,162,220,237,299,336,342,476,494,539,554],"residue":[74],"soldered,":[76],"not":[77,514,532],"algebraic,":[78],"so":[79,147,433],"one":[81,113,121,451],"metric":[82],"superselects":[83],"tower":[84,98,141],"charge:":[85],"exact":[86,380],"stability,":[87],"given":[88,120,248],"sector":[90],"decomposition":[91],"wall":[94],"displacement.":[95],"proved":[100],"a":[101,109,118,143,168,177,228,249,259,323,327,440,508,516,520,523],"copy":[102],"whatever":[104],"Standard-Model":[106],"paper":[107,362,467],"derives:":[108],"second":[110],"Standard":[111],"Model,":[112],"visible":[114],"share":[115,222],"to":[116,242,332,457],"half":[117],"percent,":[119],"orientation.":[122],"orientation":[124],"bit":[125,153,239],"chirality":[128],"pure":[131],"spinor,":[132],"its":[133,301,365],"halves":[135],"opposite":[137],"families":[138],"only":[139,388],"at":[140,207,322,364,376],"multiple":[144],"four,":[146],"have":[151],"asymmetric":[155],"dark":[156,190],"matter":[157,191],"tower's.":[161],"towers'":[164],"symmetric":[165],"relic":[166],"needs":[167],"coupling":[169],"rule":[170,303],"series":[172,274,337,499],"lacks.":[173],"One":[174,320],"geometric":[175],"rule,":[176],"common":[178],"mass":[179],"quantum":[180],"per":[181],"unit":[182],"ball":[183],"each":[185],"tower's":[186],"space,":[187],"returns":[188],"ratio":[192],"as":[193,515,519],"(11\u03c0":[194],"+":[195],"16)/(3\u03c0)":[196],"5.364":[198,200],"against":[199],"\u00b1":[201],"0.065":[202],"observed,":[203],"found":[204],"fitting,":[206],"observation":[208],"level":[209,368],"on":[210,234,277,292],"three":[211],"premises;":[212],"floor":[214],"5.255":[215],"holds":[216],"for":[217],"every":[218,265,349,358],"thickness.":[219],"mirror's":[221],"testable":[225],"claim,":[226],"already":[227],"quarter":[229],"above":[230],"galactic":[232],"bound":[233],"matter.":[236],"same":[238],"argued":[241],"be":[243,512,533],"arrow":[245],"time,":[247],"three-way":[250],"classification":[251],"arrows.":[253],"C:":[255],"nine":[256],"premises":[257],"hypothesis":[260],"attacked,":[262],"refutations":[263],"costed,":[264],"identity":[266,360],"script-checked.":[267],"Position":[268],"series:":[271],"Within":[272],"it":[275,459],"relies":[276],"T1,":[278],"T3,":[279],"T4,":[280],"T5,":[281],"T6,":[282],"T7,":[283],"T8,":[284],"T9,":[285],"T10,":[286],"T11,":[287],"T12":[288],"T13,":[290],"later":[294],"papers,":[295],"T15":[296],"T16.":[298],"composition":[300],"unit-ball":[302],"fixes":[304],"tested":[306],"companion":[309,317],"note":[310,318],"T14b,":[311],"Simulating":[312],"Dark":[314],"Towers;":[315],"T14a,":[319],"Dimension":[321],"Time,":[324],"says":[325],"what":[326],"single":[328],"added":[329],"generator":[330],"does":[331],"oriented":[334],"towers.":[335],"surveyed":[339],"T17,":[341],"Programme,":[344],"whose":[345,419],"status":[346],"table":[347],"records":[348],"paper's":[350],"tier":[351],"check":[353],"count.":[354],"Verification:":[355],"verify_T14.py":[356],"checks":[357,370,394],"computational":[359],"asserts":[363],"own":[366],"proof":[367],"(200":[369],"fourteen":[372],"parts,":[373],"all":[374],"passing":[375],"deposit).":[377],"Arithmetic":[378],"(rationals":[381],"arbitrary-precision":[383],"integers,":[384],"irrational":[385],"constants":[386],"entering":[387],"through":[389],"rational":[390],"brackets)":[391],"except":[392],"Part":[396],"N,":[397],"an":[398,536,574],"order-of-magnitude":[399],"estimate":[400],"floating":[402],"point,":[403],"forty-digit":[406],"decimal":[407],"evaluations":[408],"logarithms":[410],"exponentials":[412],"Parts":[414],"H,":[415],"J":[416],"K,":[418],"inequality":[420],"chains":[421],"exact.":[423],"It":[424],"imports":[425],"GA.py,":[426],"series'":[428],"shared":[429],"library,":[430],"deposited":[431],"alongside":[432],"record":[435,481],"self-contained.":[437],"Run":[438],"bare":[441],"Python":[442],"3:":[443],"python":[444],"verify_T14.py.":[445],"Files:":[446],"T14_dark_matter.pdf;":[447],"T14_dark_matter.tex;":[448],"t14_boltzmann_ratios.png":[449],"(the":[450],"image":[452],"source":[454],"includes,":[455],"needed":[456],"rebuild":[458],"pdflatex);":[461],"verify_T14.py;":[462],"GA.py;":[463],"LICENSE-CODE.txt.":[464,490],"Licence:":[465],"(PDF":[468],"LaTeX":[470],"source)":[471],"CC":[473],"BY":[474],"4.0.":[475],"code":[477],"files":[478],"this":[480],"additionally":[483],"released":[484],"under":[485],"MIT":[487],"licence;":[488],"see":[489],"Authorship":[491],"disclosure.":[493],"founding":[495],"idea":[496],"author's:":[502],"that":[503,527],"division":[504,530],"zero":[506],"algebra":[510],"should":[511],"read":[513],"prohibition":[517],"but":[518],"transport":[521],"into":[522],"higher-dimensional":[524],"algebra,":[525],"transported":[529],"need":[531],"accompanied":[534],"inverse":[537],"operation.":[538],"direction":[540],"investigation":[542],"critical":[545],"review":[546],"results":[549],"likewise":[551],"author's.":[553],"mathematical":[555],"development":[556],"drafting":[559],"text":[562],"were":[563],"carried":[564],"out":[565],"extended":[567],"collaboration":[568],"Claude":[570],"Fable":[571],"5":[572],"(Anthropic),":[573],"AI":[575],"system.":[576]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2026-09-13T00:00:00"}