{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212317282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.10833","title":"Estimating the Time Advantage of Split-Staggered Starts in Record-Breaking Middle-Distance Races","display_name":"Estimating the Time Advantage of Split-Staggered Starts in Record-Breaking Middle-Distance Races","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212317282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.10833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.10833","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10833","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.10833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.10833","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132713466","display_name":"Tade Souaiaia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181697535","display_name":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/0041qmd21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Souaiaia, Tade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cell Biology , SUNY Downstate Health Sciences , Brooklyn , NY , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cell Biology , SUNY Downstate Health Sciences , Brooklyn , NY , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5132713466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12677","display_name":"Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics","score":0.03590000048279762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-distance-running","display_name":"middle-distance running","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-advantage","display_name":"performance advantage","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186379835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253276","display_name":"Mile","level":2,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5045999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47941915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107885","display_name":"Speculation","level":2,"score":0.459199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842332","display_name":"Front (military)","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85079727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560114","display_name":"Quarter (Canadian coin)","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.10833","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10833","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.10833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.10833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.10833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.10833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.10833","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10833","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.10833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212317282.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212317282.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W564226480","https://openalex.org/W7221181421","https://openalex.org/W576418996","https://openalex.org/W4414750646","https://openalex.org/W803111753","https://openalex.org/W574609484","https://openalex.org/W2068704023","https://openalex.org/W6911121591","https://openalex.org/W2383996970","https://openalex.org/W2162814067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"July":[1],"2026,":[2,132],"Josh":[3],"Kerr":[4],"broke":[5],"the":[6,11,28,69,73,85,88,125,147,184],"26-year-old":[7],"mile":[8],"world":[9,188],"record,":[10],"latest":[12],"in":[13,64,68,95,156,175],"an":[14,51,191],"unusual":[15],"concentration":[16],"of":[17,30,62,87,111,121,172],"recent":[18,41],"middle-distance":[19,177],"records":[20],"that":[21,58,162],"has":[22],"led":[23],"to":[24,128,140,182],"widespread":[25],"speculation":[26],"about":[27],"role":[29],"advancing":[31],"shoe":[32],"and":[33,117,151,168,190],"other":[34,40],"technologies.":[35],"However,":[36],"like":[37],"almost":[38],"every":[39],"record-breaking":[42,129],"performance,":[43],"Kerr's":[44],"race":[45,113,149],"featured":[46],"a":[47,60,65,96,118,166,187],"split-staggered":[48],"start":[49,56,163],"--":[50,179],"often":[52],"overlooked,":[53],"relatively":[54],"novel":[55],"configuration":[57,164],"places":[59],"subset":[61],"athletes":[63],"front":[66],"group":[67],"outside":[70,93],"lanes,":[71],"reducing":[72],"geometric":[74],"burden":[75],"associated":[76,91],"with":[77,92],"accelerating":[78],"on":[79,146],"tight":[80],"turns":[81],"while":[82],"also":[83],"avoiding":[84],"bulk":[86],"extra":[89],"distance":[90,98],"positioning":[94],"traditional":[97],"race.":[99],"Here,":[100],"these":[101,159],"advantages":[102,134,160],"are":[103],"quantified":[104],"using":[105],"empirical":[106],"lane-performance":[107],"data,":[108],"OMEGA":[109],"measurements":[110],"realized":[112],"distance,":[114],"video":[115],"reconstruction,":[116],"force-based":[119],"model":[120,152],"curved":[122],"running.":[123],"Applying":[124],"resulting":[126],"corrections":[127],"performances":[130],"from":[131,136],"estimated":[133],"range":[135],"approximately":[137],"0.1":[138],"seconds":[139],"more":[141],"than":[142],"1":[143],"second,":[144],"depending":[145],"event,":[148],"configuration,":[150],"assumptions.":[153],"Although":[154],"small":[155],"absolute":[157],"terms,":[158],"demonstrate":[161],"represents":[165],"meaningful":[167],"previously":[169],"overlooked":[170],"source":[171],"performance":[173],"advantage":[174],"modern":[176],"racing":[178],"large":[180],"enough":[181],"make":[183],"difference":[185],"between":[186],"record":[189],"otherwise":[192],"great":[193],"performance.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-09-12T00:00:00"}