{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212312759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.10923","title":"Structurally Speaking: Motif-Oriented Graph Captioning through Bidirectional Graph-Text Translation","display_name":"Structurally Speaking: Motif-Oriented Graph Captioning through Bidirectional Graph-Text Translation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212312759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.10923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.10923","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10923","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.10923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.10923","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067011479","display_name":"Hsiao-Ying Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1145-9229","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1145-9229"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Hsiao-Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , University of California , Davis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , University of California , Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101769619","display_name":"Dongyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-2785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-2785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Dongyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , University of California , Davis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , University of California , Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138332169","display_name":"Kwan-Liu Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Kwan-Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , University of California , Davis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , University of California , Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.57669997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.57669997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.14399999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.08879999816417694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-motifs","display_name":"graph motifs","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-prompting","display_name":"structured prompting","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-recovery","display_name":"graph recovery","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prompt-engineering","display_name":"prompt engineering","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7312999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.652400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6015999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110484373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264398","display_name":"Adjacency list","level":2,"score":0.5447999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558772884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1508564","display_name":"Graph rewriting","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176225458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595971","display_name":"Graph database","level":3,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180356752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727035","display_name":"Adjacency matrix","level":3,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146380142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137726","display_name":"Directed graph","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32276052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908349","display_name":"Motif (music)","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986651925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514868","display_name":"Graph algorithms","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.10923","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10923","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.10923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.10923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.10923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.10923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.10923","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10923","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.10923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212312759.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212312759.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378465454","https://openalex.org/W4387559176","https://openalex.org/W4391710060","https://openalex.org/W7119523234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166822243","https://openalex.org/W7160933274","https://openalex.org/W7127285266","https://openalex.org/W4401043120","https://openalex.org/W7212428938","https://openalex.org/W4416592727","https://openalex.org/W4412945379","https://openalex.org/W7161746283","https://openalex.org/W7117467004","https://openalex.org/W4400572780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"captions":[1,66,93,100,146,164],"should":[2],"help":[3],"readers":[4],"understand":[5],"graph":[6,21,57,73,78,150,163],"structure,":[7],"rather":[8],"than":[9],"simply":[10],"translate":[11],"adjacency":[12],"matrices":[13],"into":[14,25],"long":[15],"textual":[16],"edge":[17],"lists.":[18],"A":[19],"useful":[20],"caption":[22],"abstracts":[23],"connectivity":[24,127],"recognizable":[26],"motifs,":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29,59],"hubs,":[30],"paths,":[31],"cycles,":[32],"cliques,":[33],"and":[34,49,75,103,128,143],"bridges,":[35],"because":[36],"these":[37,99],"motifs":[38],"provide":[39],"compact":[40],"structural":[41],"units":[42],"that":[43,85,122,138,155],"are":[44,101],"easier":[45],"to":[46],"read,":[47],"compare,":[48],"recover.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,111],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,113],"study":[55],"motif-oriented":[56],"captioning":[58],"a":[60,117,133],"bidirectional":[61],"graph-text":[62],"translation":[63,124],"task,":[64],"where":[65],"must":[67],"both":[68],"preserve":[69],"enough":[70],"topology":[71],"for":[72],"recovery":[74],"express":[76],"the":[77],"through":[79],"concise":[80],"motif-level":[81,129],"descriptions.":[82],"We":[83],"show":[84,137],"direct":[86],"prompting":[87,120,140],"of":[88],"GPT-5.1":[89],"often":[90],"produces":[91,141],"graph-recoverable":[92],"by":[94],"enumerating":[95],"node-to-node":[96],"connections,":[97],"but":[98],"verbose":[102],"can":[104,160],"contain":[105],"inconsistent":[106],"motif":[107],"interpretations.":[108],"To":[109],"address":[110],"gap,":[112],"introduce":[114],"Structurally":[115],"Speaking,":[116],"lightweight":[118],"structured":[119,139],"protocol":[121],"guides":[123],"between":[125],"explicit":[126,156],"abstraction.":[130],"Experiments":[131],"on":[132],"synthetic":[134],"motif-based":[135],"dataset":[136],"shorter":[142],"more":[144,165],"motif-consistent":[145],"while":[147],"maintaining":[148],"comparable":[149],"recovery.":[151],"These":[152],"results":[153],"suggest":[154],"topology-to-motif":[157],"reasoning":[158],"guidance":[159],"make":[161],"LLM-generated":[162],"interpretable":[166],"without":[167],"model":[168],"fine-tuning.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-12T00:00:00"}