{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212307833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","title":"Cervicovaginal microbial colonization in preterm labour and preterm premature rupture of membranes and its association with maternal and neonatal outcomes: a prospective observational study from a tertiary care centre in South India","display_name":"Cervicovaginal microbial colonization in preterm labour and preterm premature rupture of membranes and its association with maternal and neonatal outcomes: a prospective observational study from a tertiary care centre in South India","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212307833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10710103/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10710103/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119106205","display_name":"Amita V Khatawkar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amita V Khatawkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033773281","display_name":"N. Rekha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rekha N","raw_affiliation_strings":["BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152768296","display_name":"Bhavana C","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Bhavana","raw_affiliation_strings":["BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151281969","display_name":"Shwetha D C","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shwetha D C","raw_affiliation_strings":["BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004522567","display_name":"Ragini Ananth Kashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-6424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-6424"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ragini Ananth Kashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077546396","display_name":"Sharath Chandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6650-7525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6650-7525"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharath Chandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135874340","display_name":"Sunil Kumar D","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126824641","display_name":"JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/013x70191","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126824641"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Kumar D","raw_affiliation_strings":["JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126824641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11290","display_name":"Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11290","display_name":"Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10428","display_name":"Reproductive tract infections research","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11961","display_name":"Neonatal and Maternal Infections","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-labour","display_name":"preterm labour","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-premature-rupture-of-membranes","display_name":"preterm premature rupture of membranes","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klebsiella-pneumoniae","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candida-albicans","display_name":"Candida albicans","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-albicans-candida","display_name":"non-albicans Candida","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-sepsis","display_name":"neonatal sepsis","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-intensive-care-unit-admission","display_name":"neonatal intensive care admission","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-weight","display_name":"birth weight","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apgar-score","display_name":"Apgar score","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-outcomes","display_name":"maternal outcomes","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-asia","display_name":"South Asia","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-susceptibility","display_name":"antibiotic susceptibility","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-microbiota","display_name":"vaginal microbiota","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perinatal-morbidity","display_name":"perinatal morbidity","score":0.6169999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8535000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777102558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11703370","display_name":"Premature rupture of membranes","level":4,"score":0.670799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6993495","display_name":"Neonatal sepsis","level":3,"score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777091541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9008292","display_name":"Neonatal intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537478","display_name":"Vaginal flora","level":3,"score":0.4927000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777407796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176918","display_name":"Rupture of membranes","level":4,"score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781452722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9386039","display_name":"Neonatal infection","level":3,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779952448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804521","display_name":"Bacterial vaginosis","level":2,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778052368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210797","display_name":"Apgar score","level":4,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779083892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692979","display_name":"Low birth weight","level":3,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625506","display_name":"Premature birth","level":4,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991842025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Tertiary care","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340774","display_name":"Endometritis","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776279924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228036","display_name":"Caesarean section","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780917455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310443","display_name":"Candida albicans","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10710103/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10710103/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10710103/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212307833.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212307833.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220373899","https://openalex.org/W3198075974","https://openalex.org/W1967680895","https://openalex.org/W2896898081","https://openalex.org/W2781592847","https://openalex.org/W2948957117","https://openalex.org/W7046217057","https://openalex.org/W4399925649","https://openalex.org/W2020789388","https://openalex.org/W1756928475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background.":[1],"Preterm":[2],"labour":[3],"(PTL)":[4],"and":[5,18,20,38,65,72,111,117,138,165,217,263,269,275,307,322,365,376],"preterm":[6],"premature":[7],"rupture":[8],"of":[9,31,54,134,180,359],"membranes":[10],"(PPROM)":[11],"are":[12,21],"leading":[13],"contributors":[14],"to":[15,50,66,94,175],"perinatal":[16],"morbidity":[17],"mortality":[19],"frequently":[22],"associated":[23,225,288,368],"with":[24,61,70,107,183,192,226,289,302,334,361,369,384],"lower":[25,252,264],"genital":[26],"tract":[27],"infection.":[28],"The":[29,207],"role":[30],"cervicovaginal":[32,351],"microbial":[33],"colonization":[34],"in":[35,44,88,203,355,393],"adverse":[36,370],"maternal":[37,71],"neonatal":[39,73,139,145,151,244,371,377,391],"outcomes":[40,132,140],"remains":[41],"incompletely":[42],"defined":[43],"South":[45],"Asian":[46],"settings.":[47],"We":[48,76],"aimed":[49],"determine":[51],"the":[52,159,166,177],"prevalence":[53],"abnormal":[55,128,181,284,303,335],"vaginal":[56,98,129,199,381],"flora":[57,182,200,222,285,304,336,352],"among":[58,246],"women":[59,105,189,205,360],"presenting":[60,106,344],"PTL":[62,108,362],"or":[63,109,127,161,347,363],"PPROM":[64,110,364],"evaluate":[67],"its":[68],"association":[69,179],"outcomes.":[74],"Methods.":[75],"conducted":[77],"a":[78,83,309],"prospective":[79],"observational":[80],"study":[81],"at":[82,267],"tertiary":[84],"care":[85,147],"teaching":[86],"hospital":[87],"Karnataka,":[89],"India,":[90],"from":[91,102],"May":[92],"2023":[93],"December":[95],"2024.":[96],"High":[97],"swabs":[99],"were":[100,122,153,156,196,210,305,331],"collected":[101],"consecutive":[103],"antenatal":[104],"processed":[112],"by":[113],"standard":[114],"microbiological":[115],"culture":[116,195],"antibiotic":[118],"susceptibility":[119],"testing.":[120],"Women":[121,301],"classified":[123],"as":[124],"having":[125],"normal":[126],"flora.":[130],"Maternal":[131],"(mode":[133],"delivery,":[135],"postpartum":[136,323],"complications)":[137],"(birth":[141],"weight,":[142,283],"APGAR":[143,265],"scores,":[144],"intensive":[146],"unit":[148],"[NICU]":[149],"admission,":[150],"sepsis)":[152],"compared.":[154],"Associations":[155],"assessed":[157],"using":[158],"chi-square":[160],"Fisher":[162],"exact":[163],"test":[164],"Mann\u2013Whitney":[167],"U":[168],"test;":[169],"multivariable":[170],"logistic":[171],"regression":[172],"was":[173,201,223,353,366],"used":[174],"estimate":[176],"independent":[178],"NICU":[184,227,290,374],"admission.":[185],"Results.":[186],"Of":[187],"81":[188],"recruited,":[190],"79":[191],"an":[193],"evaluable":[194],"analysed.":[197],"Abnormal":[198,221,350],"identified":[202],"30":[204],"(38.0%).":[206],"commonest":[208],"isolates":[209],"Klebsiella":[211],"pneumoniae":[212],"(33.3%),":[213],"Candida":[214,218],"non-albicans":[215],"(23.3%)":[216],"albicans":[219],"(13.3%).":[220],"significantly":[224],"admission":[228,291,375],"(53.3%":[229],"vs":[230,257,317,326],"14.3%;":[231],"odds":[232],"ratio":[233],"[OR]":[234],"6.86,":[235],"95%":[236,295],"confidence":[237],"interval":[238],"[CI]":[239],"2.34\u201320.08;":[240],"p":[241,260,276,298,319,328],"<":[242],"0.001),":[243],"sepsis":[245],"NICU-admitted":[247],"neonates":[248],"(p":[249,272],"=":[250,261,273,277,299,320,329],"0.019),":[251],"median":[253],"birth":[254,282],"weight":[255],"(2.49":[256],"2.68":[258],"kg;":[259],"0.019)":[262],"scores":[266],"1":[268],"5":[270],"minutes":[271],"0.001":[274],"0.013).":[278],"After":[279],"adjustment":[280],"for":[281],"remained":[286],"independently":[287,367],"(adjusted":[292],"OR":[293],"6.06,":[294],"CI":[296],"1.62\u201322.69;":[297],"0.007).":[300],"younger":[306],"had":[308],"higher":[310],"total":[311],"leucocyte":[312],"count.":[313],"Caesarean":[314],"delivery":[315],"(70.0%":[316],"49.0%;":[318],"0.110)":[321],"complications":[324],"(20.0%":[325],"12.2%;":[327],"0.542)":[330],"more":[332,356],"frequent":[333],"but":[337],"did":[338,343],"not":[339],"differ":[340],"significantly,":[341],"nor":[342],"diagnosis,":[345],"gravidity":[346],"residence.":[348],"Conclusions.":[349],"present":[354],"than":[357],"one-third":[358],"outcomes,":[372],"particularly":[373],"sepsis.":[378],"Routine":[379],"high":[380],"swab":[382],"screening":[383],"early,":[385],"culture-directed":[386],"treatment":[387],"may":[388],"help":[389],"mitigate":[390],"risk":[392],"this":[394],"population.":[395]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-12T00:00:00"}