{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212298451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","title":"Disparities in treatment initiation following diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review","display_name":"Disparities in treatment initiation following diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212298451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42726207","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13710599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159275680","display_name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","issn_l":"1018-8827","issn":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069965502","display_name":"Philip Wickham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801766832","display_name":"McGill University Health Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpxjv19","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832","https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Wickham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092194848","display_name":"Saima Orangzeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7772-6074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7772-6074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2269089","display_name":"Innlandet Hospital Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn5wf75","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2269089","https://openalex.org/I4210123979"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saima Orangzeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chronic Diseases and Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2269089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061744288","display_name":"Jacqueline M. Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7300-0488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7300-0488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline M. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chronic Diseases and Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151328292","display_name":"Patricia Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018589435","display_name":"Thuy Mai Luu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-186X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-186X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802351361","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gv74p78","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I2802351361","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thuy Mai Luu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802351361","https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059542484","display_name":"Gabriel C\u00f4t\u00e9\u2010Corriveau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3242-9392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3242-9392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802351361","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gv74p78","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I2802351361","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel C\u00f4t\u00e9-Corriveau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802351361","https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151411312","display_name":"Farzana Uddin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzana Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086276227","display_name":"Ugochinyere Vivian Ukah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-6474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-6474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801766832","display_name":"McGill University Health Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpxjv19","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832","https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263283","display_name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04pemf943","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832","https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405263283","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ugochinyere Vivian Ukah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. vivian.ukah@mcgill.ca","Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. vivian.ukah@mcgill.ca"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. vivian.ukah@mcgill.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832","https://openalex.org/I4405263283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. vivian.ukah@mcgill.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086276227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801766832","https://openalex.org/I4405263283"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48134698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"11","first_page":"3397","last_page":"3407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-initiation","display_name":"treatment initiation","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-treatment","display_name":"time to treatment","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociodemographic-factors","display_name":"sociodemographic factors","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-minorities","display_name":"racial and ethnic minorities","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/types-of-insurance","display_name":"insurance type","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adhd-medication","display_name":"ADHD medication","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-intervention","display_name":"early intervention","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.8859999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.7096999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.659600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5881999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000093862","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Disparities in Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000096182","descriptor_name":"Treatment Delay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001289","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001289","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061665","descriptor_name":"Time-to-Treatment","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159275680","display_name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","issn_l":"1018-8827","issn":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13710599","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710599/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710599/pdf/787_2026_Article_3159.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42726207","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42726207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European child & adolescent psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00787-026-03159-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159275680","display_name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","issn_l":"1018-8827","issn":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310638","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331165","display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec","ror":"https://ror.org/00w3qhf76"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212298451.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212298451.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1146151349","https://openalex.org/W1175201904","https://openalex.org/W1975709488","https://openalex.org/W1983030849","https://openalex.org/W1983160899","https://openalex.org/W1983215602","https://openalex.org/W1998627915","https://openalex.org/W2001183909","https://openalex.org/W2006126411","https://openalex.org/W2008105491","https://openalex.org/W2032160792","https://openalex.org/W2034961819","https://openalex.org/W2040272800","https://openalex.org/W2055142257","https://openalex.org/W2059976079","https://openalex.org/W2066152675","https://openalex.org/W2069126019","https://openalex.org/W2113515047","https://openalex.org/W2127901933","https://openalex.org/W2139326489","https://openalex.org/W2152524277","https://openalex.org/W2168058010","https://openalex.org/W2186549343","https://openalex.org/W2324090404","https://openalex.org/W2512900136","https://openalex.org/W2528228711","https://openalex.org/W2614669943","https://openalex.org/W2890772569","https://openalex.org/W2960324372","https://openalex.org/W2983496190","https://openalex.org/W3069114409","https://openalex.org/W3083860936","https://openalex.org/W3123130270","https://openalex.org/W3135641158","https://openalex.org/W3164090540","https://openalex.org/W3200572271","https://openalex.org/W4213383170","https://openalex.org/W4224271940","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4281687410","https://openalex.org/W4282582560","https://openalex.org/W4323657263","https://openalex.org/W4361217178","https://openalex.org/W4366549485","https://openalex.org/W4389622709","https://openalex.org/W4391618429","https://openalex.org/W4392926636","https://openalex.org/W4393155840","https://openalex.org/W4399586212","https://openalex.org/W4403042600","https://openalex.org/W4403184116","https://openalex.org/W7125242360","https://openalex.org/W7125432026","https://openalex.org/W7151381039","https://openalex.org/W7152274346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7151381039","https://openalex.org/W2795164651","https://openalex.org/W4407895218","https://openalex.org/W4297272118","https://openalex.org/W3135641158","https://openalex.org/W2322418558","https://openalex.org/W4391034369","https://openalex.org/W4403184116","https://openalex.org/W2000036773","https://openalex.org/W4399432562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"intervention":[1],"improves":[2],"long-term":[3],"outcomes":[4],"in":[5,15,44,123,201,221],"children":[6,45],"with":[7,160,170],"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity":[8],"Disorder":[9],"(ADHD).":[10],"However,":[11],"disparities":[12,219],"may":[13,230],"exist":[14],"the":[16,102,124,151,222],"timing":[17,223],"of":[18,25,99,116,224],"treatment":[19,39,69,131,147,165,202,226],"initiation":[20,40,70,166],"following":[21,240],"diagnosis.":[22,241],"The":[23],"objective":[24],"this":[26],"systematic":[27],"review":[28],"was":[29,150],"to":[30,38,57,67,180,233],"examine":[31],"associations":[32],"between":[33,106],"sociodemographic":[34,75],"factors":[35],"and":[36,46,53,80,86,96,139,188,194,209,236],"time":[37,66],"after":[41,71],"ADHD":[42,68,225,238],"diagnosis":[43,73],"adolescents.":[47],"We":[48,61,110],"searched":[49],"MEDLINE,":[50],"EMBASE,":[51],"PsycINFO,":[52],"CINAHL":[54],"from":[55,175,186],"inception":[56],"October":[58],"8,":[59],"2025.":[60],"included":[62,122],"quantitative":[63],"studies":[64,107,118,127,135,162],"comparing":[65],"a":[72],"across":[74],"groups,":[76,191],"including":[77],"sex,":[78],"race":[79],"ethnicity,":[81],"socioeconomic":[82],"status,":[83],"insurance":[84,216],"type,":[85],"geographic":[87,207],"factors.":[88],"Two":[89],"reviewers":[90],"independently":[91],"screened":[92],"studies,":[93],"extracted":[94],"data,":[95],"assessed":[97,154],"risk":[98],"bias":[100],"using":[101],"Newcastle-Ottawa":[103],"Scale.":[104],"Heterogeneity":[105],"prevented":[108],"meta-analysis.":[109],"narratively":[111],"synthesized":[112],"findings.":[113],"Twelve":[114],"out":[115],"6,223":[117],"initially":[119],"identified":[120],"were":[121,213],"review.":[125],"Seven":[126],"reported":[128,144],"on":[129,145],"pharmacological":[130,138],"alone":[132],"while":[133],"four":[134],"examined":[136],"both":[137],"non-pharmacological":[140],"treatments;":[141],"one":[142],"study":[143],"psychosocial":[146],"alone.":[148],"Sex":[149],"most":[152,161],"frequently":[153],"factor":[155],"(N":[156],"=":[157],"10":[158],"studies),":[159],"reporting":[163],"earlier":[164],"among":[167],"males":[168],"compared":[169],"females":[171],"(effect":[172],"estimates":[173],"ranged":[174],"1.02":[176],"(95%":[177,182],"CI":[178,183],"0.82-1.26)":[179],"1.36":[181],"1.21-1.54)).":[184],"Children":[185],"racial":[187],"ethnic":[189],"minority":[190],"lower-income":[192],"families,":[193],"rural":[195],"areas":[196],"generally":[197],"experienced":[198],"longer":[199],"delays":[200],"initiation.":[203,227],"Findings":[204],"varied":[205],"by":[206,215],"region,":[208],"no":[210],"consistent":[211],"differences":[212],"observed":[214],"type.":[217],"Sociodemographic":[218],"persist":[220],"These":[228],"findings":[229],"inform":[231],"strategies":[232],"promote":[234],"equitable":[235],"timely":[237],"care":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-12T00:00:00"}
