{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212290102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","title":"First case of three-way multiple herbicide resistance in Amaranthus palmeri outside the Americas: Resistance mechanisms and alternative management strategies","display_name":"First case of three-way multiple herbicide resistance in Amaranthus palmeri outside the Americas: Resistance mechanisms and alternative management strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212290102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.07.749782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/11/2026.09.07.749782.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/11/2026.09.07.749782.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020443150","display_name":"Maor Matzrafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-0850","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-0850"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I376102","display_name":"Agricultural Research Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/05hbrxp80","country_code":"IL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I376102"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maor Matzrafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya\u2019ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya\u2019ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I376102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046308911","display_name":"Jackline Abu\u2010Nassar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I376102","display_name":"Agricultural Research Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/05hbrxp80","country_code":"IL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I376102"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackline Abu-Nassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya\u2019ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya\u2019ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I376102"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072207742","display_name":"Amit Paporisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-6656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-6656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I376102","display_name":"Agricultural Research Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/05hbrxp80","country_code":"IL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I376102"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Paporisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya\u2019ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya\u2019ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I376102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020443150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I376102"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11900","display_name":"Fungal Plant Pathogen Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amaranthus-palmeri","display_name":"Amaranthus palmeri","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-resistance","display_name":"herbicide resistance","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-herbicide-resistance","display_name":"multiple herbicide resistance","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetolactate-synthase-inhibitors","display_name":"acetolactate synthase inhibitors","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosystem-ii-inhibitors","display_name":"photosystem II inhibitors","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hppd-inhibitors","display_name":"HPPD inhibitors","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foramsulfuron","display_name":"foramsulfuron","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metribuzin","display_name":"metribuzin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrazine","display_name":"atrazine","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tembotrione","display_name":"tembotrione","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s-metolachlor","display_name":"S-metolachlor","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoxaflutole","display_name":"isoxaflutole","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fomesafen","display_name":"fomesafen","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terbutryn","display_name":"terbutryn","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-emergence-herbicides","display_name":"pre-emergence herbicides","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-weed-management","display_name":"integrated weed management","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediterranean-region","display_name":"Mediterranean","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/israel","display_name":"Israel","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-weed-control","display_name":"maize weed control","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780785311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823839","display_name":"Acetolactate synthase","level":3,"score":0.9351000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8389000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779315688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421450","display_name":"Metribuzin","level":3,"score":0.7767000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779595939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408652","display_name":"Atrazine","level":3,"score":0.5515999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5407000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121436942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408154","display_name":"Protoporphyrinogen oxidase","level":3,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776638905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423005","display_name":"Malathion","level":3,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778953665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409390","display_name":"Mesotrione","level":4,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778693464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3610615","display_name":"Pesticide resistance","level":3,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80298142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327014","display_name":"Photosystem II","level":3,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776527163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409669","display_name":"Paraquat","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778858093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24721080","display_name":"Alternative oxidase","level":3,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993273313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61875819","display_name":"Chemical control","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/11/2026.09.07.749782.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.07.749782","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/11/2026.09.07.749782.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212290102.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212290102.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3175384000","https://openalex.org/W2606948852","https://openalex.org/W3039740992","https://openalex.org/W7134046912","https://openalex.org/W2924116031","https://openalex.org/W4392372002","https://openalex.org/W3119610636","https://openalex.org/W4392560720","https://openalex.org/W4410505994","https://openalex.org/W3040874596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,56,124],"rapid":[2],"spread":[3],"of":[4,27,53,111,179],"herbicide-resistant":[5],"Amaranthus":[6],"palmeri":[7,30,211],"S.":[8],"Watson":[9],"across":[10,50],"the":[11,24,77,82,89,94,106,112,161,213,217],"Mediterranean":[12],"region":[13,214],"poses":[14],"a":[15,116,150,192],"severe":[16],"threat":[17],"to":[18,63,118],"crop":[19],"production.":[20],"This":[21],"study":[22],"characterizes":[23],"resistance":[25,62,85,157],"profile":[26],"an":[28],"A.":[29,210],"population":[31,58,125],"from":[32],"Gonen,":[33],"Israel,":[34],"which":[35],"survived":[36],"multiple":[37,61],"post-emergence":[38,233],"herbicide":[39],"applications":[40,178],"in":[41,121,153,212,236],"maize.":[42],"Greenhouse":[43],"dose-response":[44],"and":[45,70,93,100,145,191,215],"screening":[46],"trials":[47],"were":[48],"conducted":[49],"four":[51],"modes":[52],"action":[54],"(MOAs).":[55],"Gonen":[57],"exhibited":[59],"three-way":[60],"acetolactate":[64],"synthase":[65],"(ALS),":[66],"photosystem":[67],"II":[68],"(PSII)":[69],"4-":[71],"hydroxyphenylpyruvate":[72],"dioxygenase":[73],"(HPPD)":[74],"inhibitors,":[75],"marking":[76],"first":[78],"confirmed":[79],"case":[80],"outside":[81],"Americas.":[83],"High-level":[84],"was":[86,158],"demonstrated":[87],"for":[88,160,220],"ALS":[90,113],"inhibitor":[91,96,163],"foramsulfuron":[92],"PSII":[95,128,201],"metribuzin,":[97],"maintaining":[98],"40-70%":[99],"80-100%":[101],"survival,":[102],"respectively,":[103],"at":[104],"double":[105],"labelled":[107],"field":[108],"rate.":[109],"Sequencing":[110,139],"gene":[114],"revealed":[115,140],"Trp574":[117],"Leu":[119],"substitution":[120],"resistant":[122],"plants.":[123],"showed":[126],"differential":[127],"sensitivity,":[129],"as":[130],"atrazine":[131],"provided":[132],"complete":[133],"control":[134,235],"despite":[135],"high":[136],"metribuzin":[137,154],"survival.":[138,155],"no":[141],"known":[142],"psbA":[143],"mutations,":[144],"malathion":[146,169],"pre-treatment":[147,170],"caused":[148],"only":[149],"slight":[151],"reduction":[152],"Partial":[156],"observed":[159],"HPPD":[162],"tembotrione":[164],"(30-":[165],"50%":[166],"survival),":[167],"where":[168],"reduced":[171,204],"survival":[172],"by":[173],"20-30%.":[174],"In":[175],"contrast,":[176],"pre-mergence":[177],"S":[180],"-metolachlor":[181],"(very":[182],"long":[183],"chain":[184],"fatty":[185],"acid":[186],"inhibitor),":[187,190],"isoxaflutole":[188],"(HPPD":[189],"fomesafen":[193],"+":[194,200],"terbutryn":[195],"mixture":[196],"[protoporphyrinogen":[197],"oxidase":[198],"(PPO)":[199],"inhibitors]":[202],"significantly":[203],"emergence.":[205],"These":[206],"findings":[207],"confirm":[208],"multiple-resistant":[209],"highlight":[216],"urgent":[218],"need":[219],"integrated":[221],"weed":[222],"management":[223],"incorporating":[224],"effective":[225],"pre-emergence":[226],"herbicides":[227],"rather":[228],"than":[229],"relying":[230],"solely":[231],"on":[232],"chemical":[234],"summer":[237],"cereal":[238],"rotations.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-12T00:00:00"}