{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212269443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20265022","title":"Evaluation of Commercial Lipstick Formulations for Compliance with BIS Standards: A Comparative Study","display_name":"Evaluation of Commercial Lipstick Formulations for Compliance with BIS Standards: A Comparative Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212269443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20265022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5530/ijper.20265022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20265022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20265022","pdf_url":"https://www.ijper.org/article/60/4s/s1474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30130650","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","issn_l":"0019-5464","issn":["0019-5464"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4364320060","host_organization_name":"Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4364320060"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.ijper.org/article/60/4s/s1474.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130390651","display_name":"Deepak Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130021832","display_name":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kf25f32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095792857","display_name":"Dipanjan Koley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130021832","display_name":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kf25f32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipanjan Koley","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151384212","display_name":"Khushbu Mehlawat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130021832","display_name":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kf25f32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khushbu Mehlawat","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067156861","display_name":"Kavita Attri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130021832","display_name":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kf25f32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kavita Attri","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083654699","display_name":"Vijay Bhalla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-8443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-8443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130021832","display_name":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kf25f32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Bhalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108117448","display_name":"Manvi Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0102-2055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0102-2055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130021832","display_name":"Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kf25f32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manvi Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130021832"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58791941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"4s","first_page":"s1474","last_page":"s1485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.8633000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.8633000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11033","display_name":"Contact Dermatitis and Allergies","score":0.09030000120401382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13325","display_name":"Dye analysis and toxicity","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipstick","display_name":"lipstick","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmetics-safety","display_name":"cosmetic safety","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arsenic","display_name":"arsenic","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium","display_name":"chromium","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureau-of-indian-standards","display_name":"Bureau of Indian Standards","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicochemical-quality","display_name":"physicochemical quality","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-risk-assessment","display_name":"cancer risk assessment","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-compliance","display_name":"regulatory compliance","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmetic-contamination","display_name":"cosmetic contamination","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778063263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184191","display_name":"Lipstick","level":2,"score":0.8557000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779717098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131207","display_name":"Cosmetics","level":2,"score":0.7160999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502230775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871","display_name":"Arsenic","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33619061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655346","display_name":"Atomic absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779794483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk assessment","level":3,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777777548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206040","display_name":"Mercury (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5530/ijper.20265022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20265022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20265022","pdf_url":"https://www.ijper.org/article/60/4s/s1474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30130650","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","issn_l":"0019-5464","issn":["0019-5464"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4364320060","host_organization_name":"Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4364320060"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5530/ijper.20265022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20265022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20265022","pdf_url":"https://www.ijper.org/article/60/4s/s1474.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30130650","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","issn_l":"0019-5464","issn":["0019-5464"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4364320060","host_organization_name":"Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4364320060"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212269443.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212269443.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169658025","https://openalex.org/W2962152472","https://openalex.org/W6893299415","https://openalex.org/W4214491348","https://openalex.org/W7215516134","https://openalex.org/W2914813672","https://openalex.org/W6930771360","https://openalex.org/W3201138755","https://openalex.org/W1993741659","https://openalex.org/W4319938143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,75,245],"Indian":[2,99],"cosmetic":[3,26],"industry":[4],"is":[5],"experiencing":[6],"rapid":[7],"growth,":[8],"valued":[9],"at":[10,209],"USD":[11,20],"8.1":[12],"billion":[13,22],"in":[14,94,200,206,226,277],"2023":[15],"and":[16,32,62,71,86,104,116,131,146,152,191,195,219,266,280,294],"projected":[17],"to":[18,40,80,118,298],"reach":[19],"18.4":[21],"by":[23],"2032.":[24],"Among":[25],"products,":[27],"lipsticks":[28],"are":[29],"widely":[30],"used":[31],"frequently":[33],"applied,":[34],"raising":[35],"concerns":[36],"regarding":[37],"cumulative":[38],"exposure":[39],"potentially":[41],"harmful":[42],"substances":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"toxic":[46],"heavy":[47,273],"metals.":[48],"Previous":[49],"studies":[50],"have":[51],"reported":[52],"contamination":[53],"of":[54,89,98,108,148,217,272],"cosmetics":[55],"with":[56,96,173,263],"elements":[57],"like":[58],"lead,":[59,149],"cadmium,":[60,150],"chromium,":[61,151],"arsenic,":[63],"emphasizing":[64],"the":[65,82,144,270,286],"need":[66,287],"for":[67,143,176,250,288],"strict":[68,291],"quality":[69,84,292],"evaluation":[70],"regulatory":[72,233,256,296],"compliance.":[73],"Aim:":[74],"present":[76],"study":[77],"was":[78,136,161,204,224],"conducted":[79],"evaluate":[81],"physicochemical":[83,120,177,265],"characteristics":[85],"toxicological":[87],"safety":[88,218,243,267],"commercially":[90,110],"available":[91,111],"lipstick":[92,112,260],"formulations":[93,261],"accordance":[95],"Bureau":[97],"Standards":[100],"(BIS)":[101],"guidelines.":[102],"Materials":[103],"Methods:":[105],"A":[106],"total":[107],"17":[109],"samples":[113,171,228,241,252],"were":[114,197,253],"collected":[115],"subjected":[117],"comprehensive":[119],"evaluation,":[121],"including":[122,157],"softening":[123],"point,":[124],"peroxide":[125],"value":[126],"(rancidity),":[127],"breaking":[128],"load,":[129],"pay-off,":[130],"grittiness.":[132],"Heavy":[133],"metal":[134],"analysis":[135],"performed":[137],"using":[138],"Atomic":[139],"Absorption":[140],"Spectrometry":[141],"(AAS)":[142],"detection":[145,271],"quantification":[147],"arsenic.":[153],"Toxicological":[154],"risk":[155,159,248],"assessment,":[156],"cancer":[158,247],"estimation,":[160],"also":[162],"carried":[163],"out":[164],"based":[165],"on":[166],"standard":[167],"models.":[168],"Results:":[169],"All":[170],"complied":[172,262],"BIS":[174],"standards":[175],"parameters,":[178],"demonstrating":[179],"adequate":[180],"mechanical":[181],"strength,":[182],"thermal":[183],"stability,":[184],"low":[185],"oxidative":[186],"degradation,":[187],"satisfactory":[188],"application":[189],"properties,":[190],"uniform":[192],"texture.":[193],"Cadmium":[194],"chromium":[196],"not":[198],"detected":[199,205,225],"any":[201],"sample.":[202],"Lead":[203],"one":[207,278],"sample":[208,279],"an":[210],"elevated":[211],"level,":[212],"indicating":[213],"a":[214],"reduced":[215],"margin":[216],"potential":[220],"health":[221],"risk.":[222],"Arsenic":[223],"all":[227,240,251,283],"but":[229],"remained":[230],"within":[231,254],"permissible":[232],"limits.":[234,257],"However,":[235,269],"its":[236],"consistent":[237],"presence":[238],"across":[239,282],"raises":[242],"concerns.":[244],"calculated":[246],"values":[249],"acceptable":[255],"Conclusion:":[258],"Most":[259],"established":[264],"standards.":[268],"metals,":[274],"particularly":[275],"lead":[276],"arsenic":[281],"samples,":[284],"highlights":[285],"continuous":[289],"monitoring,":[290],"control,":[293],"strengthened":[295],"oversight":[297],"ensure":[299],"long-term":[300],"consumer":[301],"safety.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-12T00:00:00"}
