{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212255755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","title":"The lung-gut-brain axis in non-small-cell lung cancer: a narrative review with a systematic search of three signaling pathways","display_name":"The lung-gut-brain axis in non-small-cell lung cancer: a narrative review with a systematic search of three signaling pathways","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212255755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42852084","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13647171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101858244","display_name":"Yijun Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-2638","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-2638"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijun Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159833239","display_name":"Lili Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122309","display_name":"Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s7c9e98","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122309"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150761684","display_name":"Qiuping Luo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuping Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130669754","display_name":"Tingrui Mei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingrui Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136579823","display_name":"Aier Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aier Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108270566","display_name":"Hangyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5624-4907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5624-4907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136605314","display_name":"Muhammad Quais Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Quais Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083798329","display_name":"Gao Faxian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faxian Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057109214","display_name":"Jingsi Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-5862","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-5862"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingsi Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057109214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3540516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1932225","last_page":"1932225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12626","display_name":"Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-lung-axis","display_name":"gut-lung axis","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-small-cell-lung-cancer","display_name":"non-small cell lung cancer","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-cell-lung-cancer","display_name":"small cell lung cancer","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-metabolites","display_name":"microbial metabolites","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteroendocrine-hormones","display_name":"enteroendocrine hormones","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vagus-nerve","display_name":"vagus nerve","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroendocrine-signaling","display_name":"neuroendocrine signaling","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy-response","display_name":"immunotherapy response","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fecal-microbiota-transplantation","display_name":"fecal microbiota transplantation","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prebiotics","display_name":"prebiotics","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signaling-pathways","display_name":"signaling pathways","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.582099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.461899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555283112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637543","display_name":"Carcinogenesis","level":3,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143121216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402","display_name":"Microbiome","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177857423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17077315","display_name":"Gut\u2013brain axis","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777165150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269334","display_name":"Dysbiosis","level":3,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069196","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Microbiome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002289","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002289","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002289","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002289","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13647171","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13647171/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13647171/pdf/fimmu-17-1932225.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42852084","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42852084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db39c61831ff484e9b296f5c2f7f2c52","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db39c61831ff484e9b296f5c2f7f2c52","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932225/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212255755.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212255755.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945952457","https://openalex.org/W1979288606","https://openalex.org/W2081271380","https://openalex.org/W2168842536","https://openalex.org/W2400514548","https://openalex.org/W2570625079","https://openalex.org/W2755740210","https://openalex.org/W2765314233","https://openalex.org/W2766903152","https://openalex.org/W2782333299","https://openalex.org/W2791998898","https://openalex.org/W2795481136","https://openalex.org/W2804448077","https://openalex.org/W2807728333","https://openalex.org/W2890105461","https://openalex.org/W2945527196","https://openalex.org/W2956062627","https://openalex.org/W2990648940","https://openalex.org/W3042973980","https://openalex.org/W3044111226","https://openalex.org/W3085123120","https://openalex.org/W3160266111","https://openalex.org/W3162194652","https://openalex.org/W3195625677","https://openalex.org/W3202163968","https://openalex.org/W3203735260","https://openalex.org/W4200346753","https://openalex.org/W4236476849","https://openalex.org/W4308770823","https://openalex.org/W4309192274","https://openalex.org/W4324085838","https://openalex.org/W4376645167","https://openalex.org/W4387007908","https://openalex.org/W4388896613","https://openalex.org/W4389328560","https://openalex.org/W4390982465","https://openalex.org/W4392378345","https://openalex.org/W4392763592","https://openalex.org/W4393935113","https://openalex.org/W4393935425","https://openalex.org/W4394859681","https://openalex.org/W4399245301","https://openalex.org/W4399524791","https://openalex.org/W4400337093","https://openalex.org/W4402925116","https://openalex.org/W4403312044","https://openalex.org/W4403516104","https://openalex.org/W4403614473","https://openalex.org/W4404661050","https://openalex.org/W4409383369","https://openalex.org/W4410138947","https://openalex.org/W4410741058","https://openalex.org/W4411706528","https://openalex.org/W4412042827","https://openalex.org/W4412701897","https://openalex.org/W4413009820","https://openalex.org/W4413115358","https://openalex.org/W4414098786","https://openalex.org/W4415692485","https://openalex.org/W4416239353","https://openalex.org/W4416373565","https://openalex.org/W4416508159","https://openalex.org/W4417195935","https://openalex.org/W4417497943","https://openalex.org/W7117490160","https://openalex.org/W7118256930","https://openalex.org/W7120018441","https://openalex.org/W7125926693","https://openalex.org/W7128919955","https://openalex.org/W7130356379","https://openalex.org/W7131356460","https://openalex.org/W7133317674","https://openalex.org/W7134253536","https://openalex.org/W7154707439","https://openalex.org/W7160235213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388896613","https://openalex.org/W2904163824","https://openalex.org/W4415904305","https://openalex.org/W7131780449","https://openalex.org/W7164929274","https://openalex.org/W3175576480","https://openalex.org/W4400065540","https://openalex.org/W4287219360","https://openalex.org/W4416605090","https://openalex.org/W4417475295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,40,173,264],"gut-lung":[2],"axis,":[3,132],"the":[4,8,12,33,47,51,97,130,185,190,198,203,205,214,227,254,261,268,274,278],"long-range":[5],"communication":[6],"between":[7],"intestinal":[9],"microbiota":[10,91,164],"and":[11,46,77,87,92,113,133,155,166,226,270],"lungs,":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15],"shown":[16],"to":[17,56,81,284],"influence":[18],"immunotherapy":[19],"responses":[20],"in":[21,96,181,189,222,260,267],"non-small-cell":[22],"lung":[23,103],"cancer":[24],"(NSCLC).":[25],"Existing":[26],"reviews,":[27],"however,":[28],"focus":[29],"almost":[30],"exclusively":[31],"on":[32,148,177,253],"chemical":[34,262],"signaling":[35,126],"dimension":[36],"of":[37,43,50,71,99,213],"microbial":[38],"metabolites.":[39],"relay":[41],"function":[42,212],"enteroendocrine":[44],"hormones":[45],"integrative":[48],"role":[49],"nervous":[52],"system":[53],"have":[54,169],"yet":[55],"be":[57],"incorporated":[58],"into":[59],"a":[60,137,141,178,209,219,223,241],"unified":[61],"framework.":[62],"Methods:":[63],"We":[64],"searched":[65],"seven":[66],"databases":[67],"(PubMed,":[68],"EMBASE,":[69],"Web":[70],"Science,":[72],"Cochrane":[73],"Library,":[74],"CNKI,":[75],"Wanfang,":[76],"VIP)":[78],"from":[79,218,281],"inception":[80],"June":[82],"2026":[83],"for":[84,197,208,277],"original":[85],"studies":[86],"reviews":[88],"addressing":[89],"gut":[90],"lung-gut-brain":[93,255],"axis":[94,175,201,256],"mechanisms":[95],"context":[98,193],"NSCLC":[100,191],"or":[101],"small-cell":[102],"cancer.":[104],"Two":[105],"authors":[106],"independently":[107],"performed":[108],"study":[109,145],"selection,":[110],"data":[111],"extraction,":[112],"thematic":[114],"classification.":[115],"A":[116],"narrative":[117,138],"synthesis":[118],"was":[119,146],"conducted,":[120],"with":[121,140,245],"evidence":[122,246],"organized":[123],"along":[124],"three":[125],"axes:":[127],"soluble":[128],"metabolites,":[129],"metabolic-endocrine":[131,174],"neuroimmune":[134,199],"integration.":[135],"As":[136],"review":[139],"systematic":[142],"search,":[143],"this":[144,237],"registered":[147],"PROSPERO":[149],"(CRD420261425826),":[150],"while":[151],"formal":[152],"risk-of-bias":[153],"assessment":[154],"GRADE":[156],"evaluation":[157],"were":[158],"not":[159],"performed.":[160],"Results:":[161],"experiments;":[162],"fecal":[163],"transplantation":[165],"prebiotic":[167],"strategies":[168],"entered":[170],"clinical":[171],"trials.":[172],"rests":[176],"solid":[179],"foundation":[180],"normal":[182],"physiology,":[183],"but":[184],"key":[186],"bridging":[187],"nodes":[188],"disease":[192],"remain":[194],"untested.":[195],"Evidence":[196],"integration":[200],"is":[202,257],"sparsest:":[204],"only":[206],"support":[207],"direct":[210],"transport":[211],"vagus":[215],"nerve":[216],"comes":[217],"non-peer-reviewed":[220],"preprint":[221],"non-cancer":[224],"model,":[225],"full":[228],"neuroendocrine":[229],"signal":[230],"transduction":[231],"chain":[232],"remains":[233],"hypothetical.":[234],"To":[235],"address":[236],"gap,":[238],"we":[239],"outline":[240],"pathway":[242],"model":[243],"annotated":[244],"levels":[247],"at":[248],"each":[249],"node.":[250],"Conclusions:":[251],"Research":[252],"heavily":[258],"concentrated":[259],"dimension.":[263],"mechanistic":[265],"gaps":[266],"endocrine":[269],"neural":[271],"dimensions":[272],"represent":[273],"principal":[275],"barrier":[276],"field's":[279],"transition":[280],"correlational":[282],"description":[283],"causal":[285],"mechanism":[286],"studies.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-12T00:00:00"}