{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212129253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090997","title":"In Vitro Assessment of Antiviral Activity of Saikosaponin B2 Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrheal Virus","display_name":"In Vitro Assessment of Antiviral Activity of Saikosaponin B2 Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrheal Virus","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212129253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090997","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42797828","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13612102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/v18090997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55776271","display_name":"Viruses","issn_l":"1999-4915","issn":["1999-4915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7212129253"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090997","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399276","display_name":"Han Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-1973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-1973","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9948-2696","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-8810","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-6394","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-1967","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9999-1649","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1573-2167","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9122-1638","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4560-0372","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-5680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141933","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04w5zb891","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China","College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151166074","display_name":"Yue Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141933","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04w5zb891","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China","College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403415","display_name":"Fan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-2223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-2223"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151211648","display_name":"Yibo Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100549973","display_name":"Wanli Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6475-8074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6475-8074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141933","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04w5zb891","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanli Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067807183","display_name":"Shushuai Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-6001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-6001","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4463-1154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141933","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04w5zb891","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shushuai Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China","Jilin Province Cross Regional Cooperation Technology Innovation Center of Porcine Main Disease Prevention and Control, Jilin 132101, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4463-1154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin Province Cross Regional Cooperation Technology Innovation Center of Porcine Main Disease Prevention and Control, Jilin 132101, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100923109","display_name":"Baishuang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9051-5654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9051-5654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141933","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04w5zb891","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baishuang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China","Jilin Province Cross Regional Cooperation Technology Innovation Center of Porcine Main Disease Prevention and Control, Jilin 132101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin Province Cross Regional Cooperation Technology Innovation Center of Porcine Main Disease Prevention and Control, Jilin 132101, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067807183","https://openalex.org/A5100923109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141933"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"997","last_page":"997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11495","display_name":"Animal Virus Infections Studies","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11495","display_name":"Animal Virus Infections Studies","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11385","display_name":"Natural product bioactivities and synthesis","score":0.020500000566244125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13791","display_name":"Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saikosaponin-b2","display_name":"saikosaponin b2","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porcine-epidemic-diarrhea-virus","display_name":"porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-activity","display_name":"antiviral activity","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triterpenoid-saponins","display_name":"triterpenoid saponins","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-protein-mutations","display_name":"spike protein mutations","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytopathic-effect","display_name":"cytopathic effect","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selectivity-index","display_name":"selectivity index","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775996393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149147","display_name":"Cytopathic effect","level":3,"score":0.8779000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.5831000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778564307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207653","display_name":"Saponin","level":3,"score":0.5583999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.5485000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Titer","level":3,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777752497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286779","display_name":"IC50","level":3,"score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhea","level":2,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16023751","display_name":"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","level":3,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1911079","display_name":"Foot-and-mouth disease virus","level":3,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58475186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118894","display_name":"Viral entry","level":4,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778750513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142751","display_name":"Norovirus","level":3,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202878990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830465","display_name":"Capsid","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846227","display_name":"Antiviral drug","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781143361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55761529","display_name":"Protease inhibitor (pharmacology)","level":5,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002522","descriptor_name":"Chlorocebus aethiops","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003588","descriptor_name":"Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009828","descriptor_name":"Oleanolic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009828","descriptor_name":"Oleanolic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012503","descriptor_name":"Saponins","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014779","descriptor_name":"Virus Replication","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029972","descriptor_name":"Bupleurum","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053485","descriptor_name":"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053485","descriptor_name":"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053586","descriptor_name":"Virus Internalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/v18090997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55776271","display_name":"Viruses","issn_l":"1999-4915","issn":["1999-4915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13612102","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13612102/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13612102/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42797828","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42797828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b2e39e3bee444f58df830064ab074bc","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b2e39e3bee444f58df830064ab074bc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Viruses, Vol 18, Iss 9, p 997 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/v18090997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55776271","display_name":"Viruses","issn_l":"1999-4915","issn":["1999-4915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327282","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212129253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212129253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203309426","https://openalex.org/W1985661966","https://openalex.org/W1989576510","https://openalex.org/W2012504769","https://openalex.org/W2058960776","https://openalex.org/W2166880388","https://openalex.org/W2586807634","https://openalex.org/W2793533360","https://openalex.org/W2891026572","https://openalex.org/W2929748699","https://openalex.org/W2953375010","https://openalex.org/W3005212621","https://openalex.org/W3105494873","https://openalex.org/W3113638129","https://openalex.org/W3119952098","https://openalex.org/W3192713004","https://openalex.org/W4205690708","https://openalex.org/W4309650836","https://openalex.org/W4323067254","https://openalex.org/W4379233318","https://openalex.org/W4389436098","https://openalex.org/W4391434237","https://openalex.org/W4392658914","https://openalex.org/W4400512225","https://openalex.org/W4403985900","https://openalex.org/W4406185869","https://openalex.org/W4409484577","https://openalex.org/W4409786720","https://openalex.org/W4410126400","https://openalex.org/W4410390527","https://openalex.org/W4411727994","https://openalex.org/W4411926243","https://openalex.org/W4411961672","https://openalex.org/W4415567256","https://openalex.org/W7124698233","https://openalex.org/W7127399741","https://openalex.org/W7129710498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412653187","https://openalex.org/W7119533012","https://openalex.org/W4406185869","https://openalex.org/W4393404794","https://openalex.org/W2923668461","https://openalex.org/W4285807203","https://openalex.org/W4399573404","https://openalex.org/W4411109509","https://openalex.org/W4407456914","https://openalex.org/W4402047485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Porcine":[0],"epidemic":[1],"diarrhea":[2],"virus":[3],"(PEDV)":[4],"variant":[5,240],"strains":[6,204],"lead":[7,234],"to":[8,111,134,169,174],"vaccine":[9],"failures":[10],"and":[11,103,138,152,192,205,221],"significant":[12],"economic":[13],"losses":[14],"in":[15,165],"swine":[16],"farming,":[17],"highlighting":[18],"the":[19,57],"need":[20],"for":[21,202,235],"new":[22],"natural":[23,72],"small-molecule":[24],"antiviral":[25,128],"candidates.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28,213],"study,":[29],"we":[30],"screened":[31],"a":[32,39,48,62,107,231],"library":[33],"of":[34,65,70],"45":[35],"small":[36],"molecules":[37],"using":[38],"cytopathic":[40],"effect":[41],"(CPE)-based":[42],"cytoprotective":[43],"assay.":[44],"Saikosaponin":[45],"B2":[46],"(SSB2),":[47],"triterpenoid":[49],"saponin":[50],"derived":[51],"from":[52,179],"Bupleuri":[53],"Radix,":[54],"emerged":[55],"as":[56,230],"most":[58,71],"promising":[59,232],"candidate,":[60],"boasting":[61],"selectivity":[63],"index":[64],"19.77,":[66],"which":[67],"surpasses":[68],"that":[69,118,144],"compounds.":[73],"Dose\u2013response":[74],"tests":[75],"confirmed":[76],"SSB2\u2019s":[77,217],"concentration-dependent":[78],"anti-PEDV":[79,219],"activity,":[80],"with":[81],"an":[82],"inhibitory":[83,186],"plateau":[84],"reached":[85],"at":[86],"concentrations":[87],"above":[88],"60":[89],"\u03bcmol/L":[90],"(\u03bcM).":[91],"The":[92],"50":[93],"half-maximal":[94],"effective":[95],"concentration":[96],"(EC50)":[97],"values":[98],"differed":[99],"between":[100],"CPE":[101],"reduction":[102],"viral":[104,136,150,159],"titer":[105],"readouts,":[106],"discrepancy":[108],"commonly":[109],"due":[110,173],"varying":[112],"detection":[113],"sensitivities.":[114],"Mechanistic":[115],"assays":[116],"revealed":[117],"SSB2":[119,145,183,229],"does":[120],"not":[121],"possess":[122],"direct":[123],"virucidal":[124],"properties;":[125],"instead,":[126],"its":[127,198,222],"efficacy":[129,199],"depends":[130],"on":[131],"sustained":[132],"treatment":[133,163],"inhibit":[135],"adsorption":[137],"internalization.":[139],"Time-of-addition":[140],"experiments":[141],"further":[142],"demonstrated":[143],"effectively":[146],"suppresses":[147],"both":[148,203],"early":[149],"entry":[151],"mid-stage":[153],"intracellular":[154],"genome":[155],"replication,":[156],"without":[157],"affecting":[158],"release.":[160],"Notably,":[161],"post-infection":[162],"resulted":[164],"stronger":[166],"inhibition":[167],"compared":[168],"continuous":[170],"administration,":[171],"possibly":[172],"disrupted":[175],"cellular":[176],"proliferation":[177],"homeostasis":[178],"prolonged":[180],"exposure.":[181],"Additionally,":[182],"maintained":[184],"strong":[185],"effects":[187],"against":[188,208,225],"prevalent":[189],"G2a":[190],"(JL-06)":[191],"G2b":[193],"(JL-08)":[194],"field":[195],"variants,":[196],"though":[197],"was":[200],"reduced":[201],"slightly":[206],"weaker":[207],"JL-08":[209],"than":[210],"JL-06.":[211],"Overall,":[212],"study":[214],"systematically":[215],"characterizes":[216],"dual-stage":[218],"profile":[220],"broad-spectrum":[223],"activity":[224],"spike-mutant":[226],"strains,":[227],"supporting":[228],"herbal":[233],"developing":[236],"veterinary":[237],"antivirals":[238],"targeting":[239],"PEDV.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-09-11T00:00:00"}
