{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212073597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.07347","title":"Dynamic distortion from discretized coupling feedback in soft-spin Ising machines","display_name":"Dynamic distortion from discretized coupling feedback in soft-spin Ising machines","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212073597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.07347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.07347","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07347","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.07347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.07347","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139999088","display_name":"Victor H. Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-9484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-9484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gonz\u00e1lez, Victor H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0WA , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0WA , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091561535","display_name":"Natalia G. Berloff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2114-4321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2114-4321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berloff, Natalia G.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0WA , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0WA , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.5996000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.5996000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.07259999960660934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10591","display_name":"Theoretical and Computational Physics","score":0.039000000804662704,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ising-machines","display_name":"Ising machines","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"combinatorial optimization","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobius-ladder","display_name":"M\u00f6bius ladder","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-function","display_name":"transfer function","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.7764999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.7192999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.713100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6855000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51329190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076349","display_name":"Ising model","level":2,"score":0.6425999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64185310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843483","display_name":"Rate\u2013distortion theory","level":3,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.07347","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07347","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.07347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.07347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.07347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.07347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.07347","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07347","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.07347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G942211819","display_name":"UK Multidisciplinary Centre for Neuromorphic Computing","funder_award_id":"UKRI982","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212073597.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212073597.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899133393","https://openalex.org/W4399597896","https://openalex.org/W4407199610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7133603816","https://openalex.org/W3028341808","https://openalex.org/W7126173949","https://openalex.org/W2533968486","https://openalex.org/W4367669643","https://openalex.org/W4400877614","https://openalex.org/W2609660020","https://openalex.org/W3035347013","https://openalex.org/W4403537935","https://openalex.org/W4388214401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"Ising":[1],"machines":[2],"(IMs)":[3],"have":[4],"grown":[5],"in":[6,49,96,123],"popularity":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,41,116],"their":[10],"potential":[11],"as":[12,37],"physics-based":[13],"accelerators":[14],"for":[15],"combinatorial":[16],"optimization":[17],"problems":[18],"(COPs),":[19],"most":[20],"literature":[21],"focuses":[22],"on":[23],"empirically-obtained":[24],"benchmarks":[25],"with":[26],"low":[27],"universality.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30,64],"work,":[31],"we":[32,60],"propose":[33],"dynamic":[34],"feedback":[35],"distortion":[36,65,114],"a":[38,70,117],"universal":[39],"metric":[40],"quantify":[42],"the":[43,54,75,113,124],"effect":[44],"of":[45,57,112,120,127],"coupling":[46,78],"field":[47],"discretization":[48],"time-multiplexed":[50],"IMs.":[51],"Starting":[52],"from":[53],"transfer":[55],"functions":[56],"realistic":[58],"hardware,":[59],"analytically":[61],"show":[62,87],"how":[63],"can":[66],"be":[67],"mitigated":[68],"using":[69],"global":[71],"bias":[72],"(or":[73],"choosing":[74],"correct":[76],"discrete":[77],"element)":[79],"and":[80,104],"injecting":[81],"coloured":[82],"noise.":[83],"Our":[84],"numerical":[85],"results":[86],"that":[88],"our":[89],"mitigation":[90],"protocols":[91],"are":[92],"very":[93],"effective,":[94],"especially":[95],"complicated":[97],"energy":[98],"landscapes":[99],"(namely":[100],"tunable":[101],"M\u00f6bius":[102],"ladders":[103],"2D":[105],"tiling":[106],"problems);":[107],"where":[108],"an":[109],"analogue":[110],"reduction":[111],"leads":[115],"two--three":[118],"order":[119],"magnitude":[121],"increase":[122],"success":[125],"rate":[126],"complex":[128],"COPs.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-10T00:00:00"}
