{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212065740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.08095","title":"Probing Projection Effects in Optically-Selected Clusters with Velocity Dispersions Outliers","display_name":"Probing Projection Effects in Optically-Selected Clusters with Velocity Dispersions Outliers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212065740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.08095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.08095","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08095","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.08095","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.08095","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043135561","display_name":"K. Graham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham, K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","University of California , Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California , Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107352027","display_name":"T Jeltema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-0365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-0365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeltema, T. E.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","University of California , Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California , Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067406058","display_name":"C. To","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-2261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-2261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"To, C. -H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075824463","display_name":"Vernon Wetzell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-2858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-2858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wetzell, V.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street Philadelphia , PA 19104-6396"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street Philadelphia , PA 19104-6396","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130707429","display_name":"Kyle W. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5680-4660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5680-4660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davis, Kyle W.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California , Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California , Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101861694","display_name":"Conghao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2897-6326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2897-6326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Conghao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","University of California , Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California , Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101884250","display_name":"Hao\u2010Yi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-1707","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-1707"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, H. -Y.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , TX 75205 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , TX 75205 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045308614","display_name":"Eli S Rykoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-3135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-3135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801935854","display_name":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzmn429","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2801935854","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094059","display_name":"Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pwqz914","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2801935854","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210094059","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rykoff, E. S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , P. O. Box 2450 ,","SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , CA 94025 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , P. O. Box 2450 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , CA 94025 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801935854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072997937","display_name":"Joseph DeRose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-0960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-0960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DeRose, J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084976923","display_name":"M. Aguena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-6747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-6747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802090066","display_name":"Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie","ror":"https://ror.org/03tnjrr49","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2800004676","https://openalex.org/I2802090066","https://openalex.org/I4210133362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133362","display_name":"Institut National de Physique Nucl\u00e9aire et de Physique des Particules","ror":"https://ror.org/03fd77x13","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210133362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aguena, Michel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA","Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , CNRS (/IN2P3) , Astroparticule et Cosmologie , F-75013 Paris , France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , CNRS (/IN2P3) , Astroparticule et Cosmologie , F-75013 Paris , France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I2802090066","https://openalex.org/I4210133362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085208759","display_name":"Risa H. Wechsler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-011X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-011X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094059","display_name":"Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pwqz914","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2801935854","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210094059","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wechsler, R. H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , P.O. Box 2450 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094059"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy-clusters","display_name":"galaxy clusters","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection-effects","display_name":"projection effects","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight-structure","display_name":"line-of-sight structure","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redmapper","display_name":"redMaPPer","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-richness","display_name":"cluster richness","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-gaussian-velocity-distribution","display_name":"non-Gaussian velocity distribution","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/des-y3","display_name":"DES Y3","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127529279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637450","display_name":"Velocity dispersion","level":3,"score":0.739799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6212999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184665706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186310","display_name":"Halo","level":3,"score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156055797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204107","display_name":"Galaxy cluster","level":3,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41074950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240105","display_name":"Radial velocity","level":3,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780928442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553027","display_name":"Line-of-sight","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83160514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17512228","display_name":"Galaxy groups and clusters","level":4,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.08095","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08095","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.08095","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05759376v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05759376v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.08095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.08095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.08095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.08095","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08095","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.08095","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1054097061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2016-0588","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1265542407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-07CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338292","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1313983767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","funder_display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1336129044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-123012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G154696372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC02-07CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338288","funder_display_name":"Fermilab"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1746333638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001007-S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G179674260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001007-S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1907584174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-07CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2233160401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001007-S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2401681081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-07CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","funder_display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2554159582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001007-S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G302750986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001058-M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3154116105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014\u20102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3439265645","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001058-M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3523651922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-07CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G380530733","display_name":"The Dark Energy Survey Data Management Operations","funder_award_id":"1536171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3870743921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2016-0588","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3906089732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012B-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4404904460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02\u201307CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337511","funder_display_name":"High Energy Physics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G454676879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2016-0588,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4655338613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001058-M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G498139845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5616713406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-07CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G585908603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02-07CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6513613686","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001058-M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","funder_display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G656518222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022-141079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6676276723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"465376 2014-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6941735741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001007-S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G716412294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2013AC02\u201307CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7788408655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AST-1536171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7835623888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AST-1138766","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284171658","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2020-001058-M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8410917502","display_name":"Collaborative Research: The Dark Energy Survey Data Management Operations","funder_award_id":"1138766","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G86560745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010AC02\u201007CH11359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8920660035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G946511789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-128989","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G969889393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309374","display_name":"Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309626","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311064","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315803","display_name":"Centres de Recerca de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkbaq61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320286","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320325","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bg62x04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321992","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/050zdnc69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk0s825"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322904","display_name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","ror":"https://ror.org/030w99567"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331364","display_name":"Institut de F\u00edsica d'Altes Energies","ror":"https://ror.org/01sdrjx85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","ror":"https://ror.org/057g20z61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335412","display_name":"Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00e9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00f3gicas","ror":"https://ror.org/05xx77y52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337511","display_name":"High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/035m6g344"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337907","display_name":"Integrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338288","display_name":"Fermilab","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338292","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338381","display_name":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzmn429"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212065740.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212065740.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3186316950","https://openalex.org/W2044428477","https://openalex.org/W4411339685","https://openalex.org/W3104030590","https://openalex.org/W3124630088","https://openalex.org/W2775090060","https://openalex.org/W2170184648","https://openalex.org/W2113409226","https://openalex.org/W1992780537","https://openalex.org/W2057206327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,10,31,55,69,85,100,113,172,177],"galaxy":[3],"cluster":[4,56],"abundance":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,66,118,156,169],"powerful":[8],"probe":[9],"cosmology,":[11],"but":[12],"its":[13],"efficacy":[14],"depends":[15],"on":[16],"our":[17,165],"ability":[18],"to":[19,79,134,143,168,188],"understand":[20],"and":[21,28,93,125,153,162,184],"control":[22],"for":[23],"systematics":[24],"in":[25,37,59,106,117],"the":[26,38,43,51,91,94,107,114,131,189],"selection":[27],"mass":[29,161],"estimation":[30],"clusters.":[32,62],"We":[33,63],"study":[34],"redMaPPer-selected":[35,173],"clusters":[36,140,148],"Cardinal":[39],"simulation,":[40],"which":[41],"simulates":[42],"DES":[44,108],"Y3":[45,109],"observational":[46],"conditions.":[47],"Specifically,":[48],"we":[49],"investigate":[50],"line-of-sight":[52],"velocity":[53,73,101,123,137,151],"distributions":[54],"member":[57],"galaxies":[58],"12,272":[60],"simulated":[61],"find":[64],"that":[65,75],"significant":[67,136,170],"fraction":[68],"clusters,":[70],"35%,":[71],"have":[72,121,135,144],"dispersions":[74],"are":[76,127],"high":[77,182],"compared":[78],"their":[80],"richness":[81],"with":[82,149],"an":[83],"offset":[84],"$\\sim":[86],"400$":[87],"km":[88],"s$^{-1}$":[89],"between":[90,159],"outliers":[92,103,115],"main":[95,132],"population.":[96],"A":[97],"similar":[98,193],"population":[99,133],"dispersion":[102],"was":[104],"found":[105],"data.":[110],"Nearly":[111],"all":[112],"(98%)":[116],"low-richness":[119],"subsample":[120],"non-Gaussian":[122],"distributions,":[124],"they":[126,154],"more":[128],"likely":[129],"than":[130,147],"substructure.":[138],"These":[139],"also":[141],"tend":[142],"higher":[145],"redshifts":[146,183],"typical":[150],"dispersions,":[152],"show":[155],"larger":[157],"scatter":[158],"halo":[160],"richness.":[163,186],"Overall,":[164],"results":[166],"point":[167],"contamination":[171],"samples":[174],"from":[175],"line":[176],"sight":[178],"structure,":[179],"particularly":[180],"at":[181],"low":[185],"Comparison":[187],"Buzzard":[190],"simulations":[191],"shows":[192],"results.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2026-09-10T00:00:00"}
