{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212012996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","title":"What an atlas-fitted connectome can and cannot do: evolutionary search over interneuron stimulation in a whole-body C. elegans model","display_name":"What an atlas-fitted connectome can and cannot do: evolutionary search over interneuron stimulation in a whole-body C. elegans model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212012996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.06.749731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/10/2026.09.06.749731.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/10/2026.09.06.749731.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676243","display_name":"Taehee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0862-4519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0862-4519","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9577-6159"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taehee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Integrative Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0862-4519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Integrative Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100676243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10423","display_name":"Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research","score":0.37869998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10423","display_name":"Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research","score":0.37869998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.2996000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14411","display_name":"Undergraduate Neuroscience Education and Research","score":0.0494999997317791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caenorhabditis-elegans","display_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectome","display_name":"connectome","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemotaxis","display_name":"chemotaxis","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-evolution","display_name":"evolution of behavior","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preregistration","display_name":"preregistration","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gap-junctions","display_name":"gap junctions","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"neuromodulation","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optogenetics","display_name":"optogenetics","score":0.3610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779296341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1500732","display_name":"Interneuron","level":3,"score":0.6168000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45715564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292103","display_name":"Connectome","level":3,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140530291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225063","display_name":"Dorsum","level":2,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780196419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762173","display_name":"Nerve net","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97820695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387749","display_name":"Human Connectome Project","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778944004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91703","display_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25457674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17163316","display_name":"Sensory stimulation therapy","level":3,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777743550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81900","display_name":"Squid","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545706735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Nervous system","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778970358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840343","display_name":"Microstimulation","level":3,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68000369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2147303","display_name":"Reciprocal inhibition","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/10/2026.09.06.749731.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.06.749731","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/10/2026.09.06.749731.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212012996.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7212012996.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980172171","https://openalex.org/W1996720572","https://openalex.org/W2034131443","https://openalex.org/W2075360394","https://openalex.org/W2098923623","https://openalex.org/W2143604818","https://openalex.org/W2160938187","https://openalex.org/W2298484317","https://openalex.org/W2892116021","https://openalex.org/W2954731284","https://openalex.org/W3116436954","https://openalex.org/W3133518259","https://openalex.org/W3180956051","https://openalex.org/W4388126567","https://openalex.org/W4401073868","https://openalex.org/W7153222014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034131443","https://openalex.org/W4412934689","https://openalex.org/W815205242","https://openalex.org/W2051462877","https://openalex.org/W2768366598","https://openalex.org/W6902293847","https://openalex.org/W3175481074","https://openalex.org/W2150362841","https://openalex.org/W2964737002","https://openalex.org/W1998483131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,40,286,367],"C.":[2,337],"elegans":[3,338],"connectome":[4],"is":[5,18,32,422],"complete,":[6],"but":[7],"which":[8,15,415],"behaviors":[9],"its":[10,88,459],"wiring":[11,173,299,326,332,380,430,492],"can":[12,507],"produce,":[13],"and":[14,74,94,151,159,166,178,238,267,295,306,344,388,400,434,475,498,502],"it":[16,351,381,389],"cannot,":[17],"unknown.":[19],"We":[20,328],"asked":[21],"this":[22,189],"question":[23],"in":[24,141,185,316,435,512],"a":[25,33,46,67,70,75,107,153,183,207,246,257,273,317,346,356,463,477],"whole-body":[26],"simulation":[27],"whose":[28],"only":[29,412,453],"adaptive":[30],"element":[31],"learning":[34,347],"agent":[35,41],"outside":[36],"the":[37,57,81,132,135,138,142,147,172,186,194,212,215,221,224,227,239,242,254,259,270,280,284,298,307,325,330,335,373,379,394,404,419,425,429,432,439,443,450,456,484,491,496,499],"nervous":[38,318],"system.":[39],"may":[42],"inject":[43],"current":[44],"into":[45,52],"short":[47],"whitelist":[48],"of":[49,113,116,137,220,226,245,334,358,458],"interneurons,":[50],"never":[51,236],"motor":[53,72],"neurons":[54,124,374],"or":[55,217],"muscles;":[56],"302-neuron":[58],"OpenWorm":[59],"c302":[60],"network,":[61],"with":[62,87,363,510],"dynamics":[63,188],"fitted":[64,143,426,437],"once":[65],"to":[66,106,182,263,301,371,383,467,480],"signal-propagation":[68],"atlas,":[69],"literature-based":[71],"layer":[73],"viscoelastic":[76],"body":[77,200,308,497],"on":[78,483],"agar":[79],"do":[80],"rest.":[82],"Every":[83],"hypothesis":[84],"was":[85,102,125,191,262,277,369],"pre-registered":[86],"judgment":[89],"criterion.":[90],"Stimulating":[91],"five":[92,117],"command":[93],"steering":[95,167],"interneurons":[96],"(AVB,":[97],"AVA,":[98],"SMDD,":[99],"SMDV,":[100],"RIV)":[101],"sufficient":[103],"for":[104,292],"chemotaxis":[105],"source":[108],"2.5":[109],"mm":[110],"away":[111],"(91%":[112],"trials;":[114],"four":[115,199],"training":[118],"seeds),":[119],"whereas":[120],"stimulating":[121,355],"eight":[122],"sensory":[123,413],"no":[126],"better":[127],"than":[128],"chance,":[129],"reproducing":[130],"at":[131,256],"behavioral":[133],"level":[134],"silence":[136],"sensory-to-command":[139,420],"step":[140,421],"network.":[144],"Evolution":[145],"rediscovered":[146],"pirouette":[148],"rule,":[149],"reversing":[150],"executing":[152],"deep":[154,164,208],"bend":[155,165,209,222,281],"when":[156,269,403,410],"concentration":[157,275],"fell,":[158],"ablations":[160],"showed":[161],"that":[162,375,418,445,465,473,506],"reversal,":[163],"were":[168,204,442],"all":[169],"necessary.":[170],"Shuffling":[171],"while":[174],"preserving":[175],"weights,":[176],"counts":[177],"signs":[179],"cut":[180],"performance":[181],"fifth;":[184],"atlas-fitted":[187],"loss":[190],"carried":[192],"by":[193,206,354,392],"gap-junction":[195],"layer.":[196],"In":[197,447],"corridors":[198],"widths":[201],"wide,":[202],"corners":[203],"passed":[205],"pressed":[210],"against":[211],"wall,":[213],"so":[214,391,462],"dorsal":[216],"ventral":[218,230,243],"direction":[219,225,282],"fixed":[223],"turn.":[228],"With":[229],"bends":[231,466],"only,":[232],"right":[233],"turns":[234,472],"almost":[235,470],"occurred":[237],"worm":[240,336,451,464],"entered":[241],"arm":[244,266],"T-maze":[247],"first.":[248],"Because":[249],"temporal":[250],"sensing":[251,305],"cannot":[252],"distinguish":[253],"arms":[255],"junction,":[258],"learned":[260,382],"strategy":[261,395],"enter":[264],"one":[265,468],"reverse":[268,399],"odor":[271,386],"faded;":[272],"left\u2013right":[274],"difference":[276],"needed":[278],"before":[279],"followed":[283],"source.":[285],"model":[287,438],"yields":[288],"three":[289],"testable":[290],"predictions":[291,505],"narrow-maze":[293],"assays":[294],"separates":[296],"what":[297,304,324,350,490,495],"contributes":[300,493],"navigation":[302],"from":[303,424,494],"must":[309],"supply.":[310],"Author":[311],"summary":[312],"Knowing":[313],"every":[314,341],"connection":[315,342],"system":[319],"does":[320],"not":[321],"tell":[322],"us":[323,417],"does.":[327],"took":[329],"complete":[331],"diagram":[333],",":[339],"kept":[340],"fixed,":[343],"let":[345],"algorithm":[348,368],"discover":[349],"could":[352,452],"achieve":[353],"handful":[357],"neurons,":[359,414],"as":[360],"an":[361,385],"experimenter":[362],"optogenetic":[364],"tools":[365],"could.":[366],"forbidden":[370],"touch":[372],"drive":[376],"muscles.":[377],"Through":[378],"find":[384],"source,":[387],"did":[390],"rediscovering":[393],"real":[396],"worms":[397,511],"use:":[398],"turn":[401,454],"sharply":[402],"smell":[405],"gets":[406],"weaker.":[407],"It":[408],"failed":[409],"given":[411],"tells":[416],"missing":[423],"wiring.":[427],"Randomizing":[428],"destroyed":[431],"behavior,":[433],"our":[436],"electrical":[440],"connections":[441],"ones":[444],"mattered.":[446],"narrow":[448],"mazes,":[449],"toward":[455],"side":[457,469],"sharp":[460],"bend,":[461],"always":[471],"way":[474],"needs":[476],"costly":[478],"reversal":[479],"reach":[481],"food":[482],"other":[485],"side.":[486],"These":[487],"results":[488],"separate":[489],"senses":[500],"contribute,":[501],"they":[503],"make":[504],"be":[508],"tested":[509],"mazes.":[513]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-10T00:00:00"}
