{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7212010350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","title":"Revisiting metformin as a chemotherapy adjuvant: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on recent randomized-controlled trials","display_name":"Revisiting metformin as a chemotherapy adjuvant: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on recent randomized-controlled trials","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7212010350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42840671","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13639577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596394214","display_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","issn_l":"2234-943X","issn":["2234-943X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116043966","display_name":"Bushra Wadi Bin Saddiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0795-9024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0795-9024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600919","display_name":"Batterjee Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqry546","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bushra Wadi Bin Saddiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120191935","display_name":"Ahmed Salah Morad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4369-7460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4369-7460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600919","display_name":"Batterjee Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqry546","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Salah Morad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143597161","display_name":"Tanveer Nidal Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2399-1058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2399-1058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600919","display_name":"Batterjee Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqry546","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanveer Nidal Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150913637","display_name":"Joud Jamal Alshowaikhat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600919","display_name":"Batterjee Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqry546","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joud Jamal Alshowaikhat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151018947","display_name":"Jorie Nasser Alsharari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600919","display_name":"Batterjee Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqry546","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorie Nasser Alsharari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115068030","display_name":"Renad Omar Bajri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600919","display_name":"Batterjee Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqry546","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renad Omar Bajri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151032584","display_name":"Meral Jehad AlZayer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134359838","display_name":"Alfaisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cdrtq48","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meral Jehad AlZayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Alfaisal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119794327","display_name":"Saaid Mounzer Mouazen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1013-9343","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1013-9343"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600919","display_name":"Batterjee Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqry546","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saaid Mounzer Mouazen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151014054","display_name":"Mohammed Abdulhameed Abutaleb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600919","display_name":"Batterjee Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqry546","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Abdulhameed Abutaleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026427765","display_name":"Suhaib Radi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-9398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-9398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suhaib Radi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs","King Abdullah International Medical Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053772815","display_name":"Hassan H Alwafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5627-1633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5627-1633","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4735-0262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Alwafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026427765","https://openalex.org/A5053772815"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I199693650","https://openalex.org/I4210095597","https://openalex.org/I4517696"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34650073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1888506","last_page":"1888506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10631","display_name":"Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvant-chemotherapy","display_name":"adjuvant chemotherapy","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platinum-based-chemotherapy","display_name":"platinum-based chemotherapy","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/progression-free-survival","display_name":"progression-free survival","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overall-survival","display_name":"overall survival","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overall-response-rate","display_name":"overall response rate","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-metabolism","display_name":"glucose metabolism","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemotherapy-toxicity","display_name":"chemotherapy toxicity","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-events","display_name":"adverse events","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-repurposing","display_name":"drug repurposing","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy-response-biomarkers","display_name":"immunotherapy response biomarkers","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes","display_name":"tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-1-pd-l1-blockade","display_name":"PD-1/PD-L1 blockade","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9333999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5813999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019894029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Overall survival","level":2,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780739268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112244","display_name":"Progression-free survival","level":3,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779346075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268763","display_name":"Quality Score","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596394214","display_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","issn_l":"2234-943X","issn":["2234-943X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42840671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42840671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13639577","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13639577/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Oncol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a246e9989de4b33b935132e67243950","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a246e9989de4b33b935132e67243950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Oncology, Vol 16 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596394214","display_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","issn_l":"2234-943X","issn":["2234-943X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965830162","https://openalex.org/W1976655891","https://openalex.org/W1979476912","https://openalex.org/W2154285890","https://openalex.org/W2158731007","https://openalex.org/W2167195670","https://openalex.org/W2192618281","https://openalex.org/W2345237583","https://openalex.org/W2524637936","https://openalex.org/W2549108333","https://openalex.org/W2560438049","https://openalex.org/W2751676921","https://openalex.org/W2788271038","https://openalex.org/W2899024107","https://openalex.org/W2905543221","https://openalex.org/W2907606171","https://openalex.org/W2969944916","https://openalex.org/W2981047575","https://openalex.org/W2995480264","https://openalex.org/W3088591271","https://openalex.org/W3100342452","https://openalex.org/W3109271117","https://openalex.org/W3132889780","https://openalex.org/W3164966160","https://openalex.org/W3179197592","https://openalex.org/W3186003106","https://openalex.org/W3186969757","https://openalex.org/W3208802276","https://openalex.org/W4220959955","https://openalex.org/W4229458245","https://openalex.org/W4286560954","https://openalex.org/W4296741596","https://openalex.org/W4307380321","https://openalex.org/W4379509282","https://openalex.org/W4384933410","https://openalex.org/W4393935425","https://openalex.org/W4401062069","https://openalex.org/W4401101616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384933410","https://openalex.org/W4306874696","https://openalex.org/W7169538282","https://openalex.org/W3046968641","https://openalex.org/W3198953256","https://openalex.org/W4327551572","https://openalex.org/W2052445238","https://openalex.org/W2969944916","https://openalex.org/W4296741596","https://openalex.org/W4411194238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],"The":[1,78],"primary":[2,79],"objective":[3],"is":[4],"to":[5,74,306],"assess":[6],"metformin\u2019s":[7],"impact":[8],"on":[9],"progression":[10],"free":[11],"survival":[12,15,287],"(PFS),":[13],"overall":[14,18,222,267],"(OS),":[16],"and":[17,29,37,44,64,85,95,101,109,124,184],"response":[19],"rates":[20],"(ORR).":[21],"Secondary":[22],"objectives":[23],"included":[24,89],"chemotherapy-related":[25,90],"toxicity,":[26],"glucose":[27,93],"metabolism,":[28,94],"quality":[30,96,102],"of":[31,97],"life.":[32,98],"Methods":[33],"A":[34,49,286],"systematic":[35],"review":[36],"meta-analysis":[38],"were":[39,76,82,104,112,138,219,248],"conducted":[40,113],"following":[41],"PRISMA":[42],"guidelines":[43],"registered":[45],"prospectively":[46],"in":[47,55,170,185,221,291,300],"PROSPERO.":[48],"comprehensive":[50],"literature":[51],"search":[52],"was":[53,118,128,151,271,289],"performed":[54,105],"November":[56],"2024":[57],"across":[58],"PubMed,":[59],"Google":[60],"Scholar,":[61],"Ovid":[62],"MEDLINE,":[63],"ClinicalTrials.gov.":[65],"Randomized":[66],"controlled":[67],"trials":[68,305],"evaluating":[69],"metformin":[70,148,202,263],"as":[71],"an":[72],"adjunct":[73],"chemotherapy":[75,155],"included.":[77,139],"outcomes":[80,88],"assessed":[81,119],"PFS,":[83],"OS,":[84],"ORR;":[86],"secondary":[87],"side":[91],"effects,":[92],"Data":[99],"extraction":[100],"assessment":[103],"using":[106,114,120,187],"standardized":[107],"tools,":[108],"statistical":[110],"analyses":[111,141,294],"RevMan":[115],"5.4":[116],"Heterogeneity":[117],"the":[121],"I\u00b2":[122],"statistic,":[123],"a":[125,143,188,274,296],"random-effects":[126],"model":[127],"applied":[129],"when":[130,147],"necessary.":[131],"Results":[132],"Nineteen":[133],"RCTs":[134],"involving":[135],"3,502":[136],"participants":[137],"Subgroup":[140],"demonstrated":[142],"significant":[144,217],"OS":[145,234],"benefit":[146,288],"(1500":[149],"mg/day)":[150],"combined":[152],"with":[153,172,273],"platinum-based":[154,301],"(HR":[156,224,235],"=":[157,163,176,182,193,199,207,213,225,231,236,242,253,259],"0.61,":[158],"95%":[159,178,195,209,227,238,255],"CI":[160,179,196,210,228,239,256],"0.46\u20130.81;":[161],"p":[162,181,198,212,230,241,258],"0.0006).":[164],"Metformin":[165],"also":[166],"significantly":[167,203],"improved":[168,204],"ORR":[169,205],"patients":[171],"breast":[173],"cancer":[174],"(OR":[175,192,206,252],"1.86,":[177],"1.19\u20132.92;":[180],"0.007)":[183],"studies":[186],"500":[189],"mg/day":[190,298],"dose":[191,299],"3.39,":[194],"1.37\u20138.39;":[197],"0.008).":[200],"Overall,":[201],"1.59,":[208],"1.02\u20132.46;":[211],"0.04).":[214],"However,":[215],"no":[216],"improvements":[218],"observed":[220,290],"PFS":[223,269],"1.08,":[226,237],"0.96\u20131.22;":[229],"0.19)":[232],"or":[233,268],"0.90\u20131.30;":[240],"0.41).":[243],"Grade":[244],"\u22653":[245],"adverse":[246],"events":[247],"comparable":[249],"between":[250],"groups":[251],"1.10,":[254],"0.66\u20131.84;":[257],"0.72).":[260],"Conclusion":[261],"Adjunctive":[262],"did":[264],"not":[265],"improve":[266],"but":[270],"associated":[272],"higher":[275],"ORR,":[276],"driven":[277],"by":[278],"increased":[279],"complete":[280],"responses,":[281],"without":[282],"increasing":[283],"high-grade":[284],"toxicity.":[285],"exploratory":[292],"subgroup":[293],"at":[295],"1500":[297],"chemotherapy,":[302],"warranting":[303],"prospective":[304],"clarify":[307],"these":[308],"findings.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-09-10T00:00:00"}
