{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7211995644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.05602","title":"The information content of optical intensity interferometry","display_name":"The information content of optical intensity interferometry","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7211995644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.05602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.05602","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05602","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05602","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05602","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024380456","display_name":"Neal Dalal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-9726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-9726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183974707","display_name":"Perimeter Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/013m0ej23","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183974707"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalal, Neal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , Waterloo , ON , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , Waterloo , ON , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183974707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052507159","display_name":"Biwei Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-0294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-0294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40036882","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/00f809463","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40036882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dai, Biwei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Study , Princeton , NJ , USA and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Study , Princeton , NJ , USA and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40036882"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089350303","display_name":"Matthew K. Browning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8634-1003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8634-1003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Browning, Matthew K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Astronomy Department , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Astronomy Department , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.7343999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.7343999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.12849999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.047200001776218414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-reconstruction","display_name":"image reconstruction","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/score-based-diffusion-models","display_name":"score-based diffusion models","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-priors","display_name":"image priors","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-surface-imaging","display_name":"stellar surface imaging","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-accretion-disks","display_name":"black hole accretion disks","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grmhd-simulations","display_name":"GRMHD simulations","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sdo-hmi","display_name":"SDO/HMI","score":0.9139999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5924000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23576306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004698","display_name":"Astronomical interferometer","level":3,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120515352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564580","display_name":"Image plane","level":3,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133848361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4764027","display_name":"Angular resolution (graph drawing)","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175231954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1942321","display_name":"Optical transfer function","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100921725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650811","display_name":"Spatial frequency","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110277352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467980","display_name":"Geometrical optics","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125045340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002224","display_name":"Image formation","level":3,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69179731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510427","display_name":"Point spread function","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96566525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805282","display_name":"Time delay and integration","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.05602","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05602","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05602","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.05602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.05602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.05602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.05602","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05602","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05602","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306434","display_name":"Ambrose Monell Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/022nw7x84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310042","display_name":"Aspen Center for Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqcbq50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310392","display_name":"Corning Incorporated Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02tfv4t78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312716","display_name":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/03zp01h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319880","display_name":"Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010q4q527"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324632","display_name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico","ror":"https://ror.org/011z3ff80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331257","display_name":"Alliance de recherche num\u00e9rique du Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010r6td27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331462","display_name":"Institut P\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de physique th\u00e9orique","ror":"https://ror.org/013m0ej23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","ror":"https://ror.org/057g20z61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7211995644.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7211995644.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1633529777","https://openalex.org/W1634784497","https://openalex.org/W1966668197","https://openalex.org/W1976579441","https://openalex.org/W1996874740","https://openalex.org/W2003926344","https://openalex.org/W2007123056","https://openalex.org/W2007593159","https://openalex.org/W2015810892","https://openalex.org/W2015911499","https://openalex.org/W2056655582","https://openalex.org/W2094483427","https://openalex.org/W2107535961","https://openalex.org/W2108309395","https://openalex.org/W2111078819","https://openalex.org/W2126490963","https://openalex.org/W2129069237","https://openalex.org/W2135625048","https://openalex.org/W2144480799","https://openalex.org/W2159691951","https://openalex.org/W2160889751","https://openalex.org/W2167656187","https://openalex.org/W2346584288","https://openalex.org/W2418437829","https://openalex.org/W2467845340","https://openalex.org/W2797452937","https://openalex.org/W2888532099","https://openalex.org/W2922580882","https://openalex.org/W2952232639","https://openalex.org/W2959300817","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2969289037","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3005640358","https://openalex.org/W3010109933","https://openalex.org/W3035384201","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3036167779","https://openalex.org/W3042692534","https://openalex.org/W3110257065","https://openalex.org/W3167862341","https://openalex.org/W4244155866","https://openalex.org/W4281485151","https://openalex.org/W4281980169","https://openalex.org/W4283743339","https://openalex.org/W4288099666","https://openalex.org/W4293022118","https://openalex.org/W4293462390","https://openalex.org/W4298184813","https://openalex.org/W4308668713","https://openalex.org/W4311994930","https://openalex.org/W4319453761","https://openalex.org/W4375958814","https://openalex.org/W4385306156","https://openalex.org/W4387195417","https://openalex.org/W4389203509","https://openalex.org/W4390873030","https://openalex.org/W4390874521","https://openalex.org/W4391673179","https://openalex.org/W4399856172","https://openalex.org/W4403818631","https://openalex.org/W4404407469","https://openalex.org/W4405319537","https://openalex.org/W4406121183","https://openalex.org/W4407093431","https://openalex.org/W4407203471","https://openalex.org/W4411246179","https://openalex.org/W4413313889","https://openalex.org/W4415266307","https://openalex.org/W4415376582","https://openalex.org/W4416954905","https://openalex.org/W4417156313","https://openalex.org/W4417357781","https://openalex.org/W4417442058","https://openalex.org/W7077060361","https://openalex.org/W7123360923","https://openalex.org/W7124736415","https://openalex.org/W7128992752","https://openalex.org/W7133213777","https://openalex.org/W7133244780","https://openalex.org/W7154005156","https://openalex.org/W7165843170","https://openalex.org/W7202002603","https://openalex.org/W7203733296","https://openalex.org/W7204790547","https://openalex.org/W7213240948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988022299","https://openalex.org/W2155656110","https://openalex.org/W285763243","https://openalex.org/W2077782879","https://openalex.org/W2468101119","https://openalex.org/W2093632252","https://openalex.org/W7077060361","https://openalex.org/W1902683561","https://openalex.org/W3195435087","https://openalex.org/W2013121429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"intensity":[1,171],"interferometry":[2],"(II)":[3],"can":[4,30],"in":[5],"principle":[6],"resolve":[7],"structure":[8],"on":[9,134],"angular":[10],"scales":[11],"$\u03b8\\sim":[12],"\u03bb/B$,":[13],"but":[14],"it":[15,66],"measures":[16],"only":[17,137],"the":[18,43,87,98,135,139,147,154,165],"squared":[19],"visibility":[20],"$|{\\cal":[21,36],"V}|^2$,":[22],"discarding":[23],"Fourier":[24,91],"phase.":[25],"We":[26,58,129],"quantify":[27],"what":[28],"information":[29],"actually":[31],"be":[32],"recovered":[33],"from":[34,89],"phase-less":[35,90],"V}|^2$":[37],"measurements":[38],"as":[39,54,105],"a":[40,69,106,124],"function":[41,107],"of":[42,71,76,86,101,108,112,126,146,150],"aggregate":[44],"signal-to-noise":[45],"ratio":[46,144],"and":[47,64,81,115],"array":[48],"configuration,":[49],"using":[50],"score-based":[51],"diffusion":[52],"models":[53],"non-parametric":[55],"image":[56,61,179],"priors.":[57],"construct":[59],"an":[60],"reconstruction":[62,99],"pipeline,":[63],"validate":[65],"by":[67,169],"reconstructing":[68],"variety":[70],"images,":[72],"including":[73],"GRMHD":[74],"simulations":[75],"black":[77],"hole":[78],"accretion":[79],"disks":[80],"actual":[82],"SDO/HMI":[83],"continuum":[84],"images":[85],"Sun,":[88],"amplitudes.":[92],"Using":[93],"simulated":[94],"data,":[95],"we":[96],"map":[97],"fidelity":[100,132],"Sun-like":[102],"stellar":[103,182],"surfaces":[104],"noise":[109,143],"level,":[110],"number":[111],"$(u,v)$":[113,155],"samples,":[114],"maximum":[116],"baseline":[117],"$B_{\\rm":[118],"max}$,":[119],"for":[120],"surface":[121,148],"maps":[122],"spanning":[123],"range":[125],"activity":[127],"levels.":[128],"find":[130],"that":[131,153,164],"depends":[133],"data":[136],"through":[138],"total":[140],"signal":[141],"to":[142,178],"(SNR)":[145],"features":[149],"interest,":[151],"provided":[152],"plane":[156],"is":[157],"sampled":[158],"sufficiently":[159],"densely.":[160],"These":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"SNR":[166],"levels":[167],"achieved":[168],"next-generation":[170],"interferometers":[172],"observing":[173],"realistic":[174],"sources":[175],"are":[176],"sufficient":[177],"highly":[180],"complicated":[181],"surfaces.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-10T00:00:00"}