{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7211899443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","title":"Fatigue, Memory and Training in Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels","display_name":"Fatigue, Memory and Training in Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7211899443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021366465","display_name":"Diego Ciardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-8569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-8569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Ciardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","University of Mainz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mainz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126071034","display_name":"Davide Campagna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Campagna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","University of Mainz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mainz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063463387","display_name":"Daniel Hoenders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9747-1910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9747-1910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Hoenders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","University of Mainz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mainz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118912731","display_name":"Johann Fritzen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0726-1807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0726-1807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johann Fritzen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","University of Mainz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mainz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025661898","display_name":"Brigitta D\u00fazs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-2808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-2808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brigitta D\u00fazs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","University of Mainz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mainz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060067635","display_name":"Andreas Walther","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-3306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-3306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095245","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00sb7hc59","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210095245"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Walther","raw_affiliation_strings":["Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research","University of Mainz"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-3306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mainz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.6377000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.6377000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.3610999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10810","display_name":"Polymer composites and self-healing","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermo-responsive-hydrogels","display_name":"thermo-responsive hydrogels","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue-material","display_name":"fatigue (material)","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscoelastic-phase-separation","display_name":"viscoelastic phase separation","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-phase-transition","display_name":"volume phase transition","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-memory","display_name":"structural memory","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-remodeling","display_name":"network remodeling","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-materials","display_name":"adaptive materials","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-connectivity","display_name":"network connectivity","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-history","display_name":"thermal history","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108586683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","level":2,"score":0.8154000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.545199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5422000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5421000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186541917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910483","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","level":2,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171912257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11019","display_name":"Mechanical system","level":2,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49097943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898455","display_name":"Shape-memory alloy","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149288129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185357","display_name":"Phase transition","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985681428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical design","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982836594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144","display_name":"Soft materials","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48620588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144","display_name":"Soft matter","level":3,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988224531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20830730","display_name":"Network structure","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7055690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900639","display_name":"Dynamic mechanical analysis","level":3,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988076202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240553","display_name":"Mechanical strength","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88484716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474679","display_name":"Smart material","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008367/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204494356","https://openalex.org/W3045632475","https://openalex.org/W4414751660","https://openalex.org/W4381685438","https://openalex.org/W4391051794","https://openalex.org/W7211942162","https://openalex.org/W4414453448","https://openalex.org/W4390021902","https://openalex.org/W1970601185","https://openalex.org/W2015331748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Responsive":[0],"materials":[1,70,106],"are":[2],"a":[3,17,60,103],"cornerstone":[4],"of":[5],"functional":[6],"soft":[7,123],"matter.":[8],"Their":[9],"functionality":[10],"relies":[11],"on":[12],"switching":[13],"between":[14],"equilibrium":[15],"states,":[16],"process":[18],"generally":[19],"assumed":[20],"fully":[21],"reversible":[22,94],"over":[23],"repeated":[24,40,112],"cycles.":[25],"Here":[26],"we":[27,87],"show":[28],"that":[29,50,107],"thermo-responsive":[30],"hydrogels":[31,67],"can":[32],"instead":[33],"develop":[34],"progressive":[35],"fatigue":[36],"and":[37,55,73,84,117],"irreversibility":[38],"during":[39],"volume":[41],"phase":[42,45],"transitions.":[43],"Viscoelastic":[44],"separation":[46],"generates":[47],"mechanical":[48],"stresses":[49],"drive":[51],"permanent":[52],"network":[53,85,99],"rearrangements":[54],"trap":[56],"phase-separated":[57],"morphologies,":[58],"creating":[59],"non-volatile":[61],"structural":[62],"memory.":[63],"Consequently,":[64],"classical":[65],"responsive":[66],"become":[68],"adaptive":[69,96],"whose":[71],"structure":[72],"mechanics":[74],"evolve":[75],"with":[76],"their":[77],"thermal":[78],"history.":[79],"By":[80],"varying":[81],"chemical":[82],"composition":[83],"connectivity,":[86],"identify":[88],"conditions":[89],"governing":[90],"the":[91],"transition":[92],"from":[93],"to":[95],"behavior.":[97],"Mechanochemical":[98],"remodeling":[100],"thus":[101],"provides":[102],"route":[104],"toward":[105],"acquire":[108],"durable":[109],"memory":[110],"through":[111],"stimulation,":[113],"while":[114],"revealing":[115],"design":[116],"operation":[118],"principles":[119],"for":[120],"fatigue-free":[121],"switchable":[122],"materials.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-08T00:00:00"}