{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7211895261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.05128","title":"Can isolated binaries form unequal-mass binary black-hole mergers with a high-spin primary black hole?","display_name":"Can isolated binaries form unequal-mass binary black-hole mergers with a high-spin primary black hole?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7211895261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.05128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.05128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05128","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05128","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150643670","display_name":"Xiao-Tian Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Xiao-Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsung-Dao Lee Institute , Shanghai Jiao-Tong University , 1 Lisuo Road , Shanghai 201210 , People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsung-Dao Lee Institute , Shanghai Jiao-Tong University , 1 Lisuo Road , Shanghai 201210 , People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007773051","display_name":"Dong Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-6250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-6250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lai, Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science , Department of Astronomy , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14853 , USA","Tsung-Dao Lee Institute , Shanghai Jiao-Tong University , 1 Lisuo Road , Shanghai 201210 , People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science , Department of Astronomy , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14853 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsung-Dao Lee Institute , Shanghai Jiao-Tong University , 1 Lisuo Road , Shanghai 201210 , People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121989487","display_name":"Bin Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Bin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cosmology and Computational Astrophysics , Institute for Advanced Study in Physics , Zhejiang University , 310027 Hangzhou , People's Republic of China","Institute for Astronomy , School of Physics , Zhejiang University , 310058 Hangzhou , People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cosmology and Computational Astrophysics , Institute for Advanced Study in Physics , Zhejiang University , 310027 Hangzhou , People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Astronomy , School of Physics , Zhejiang University , 310058 Hangzhou , People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-black-hole-mergers","display_name":"binary black hole mergers","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolated-binary-evolution","display_name":"isolated binary evolution","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-mergers","display_name":"hierarchical merging","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemically-homogeneous-evolution","display_name":"chemically homogeneous evolution","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-orbit-misalignment","display_name":"spin-orbit misalignment","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natal-kicks","display_name":"natal kicks","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodal-precession","display_name":"nodal precession","score":0.8790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.7760999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32602459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913879","display_name":"Binary black hole","level":3,"score":0.7716000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777977315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243056","display_name":"Primary (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7714999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6424000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577658","display_name":"Spins","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780897414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600592","display_name":"Star (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4442000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193786831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50053","display_name":"Binary star","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.24480000138282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.05128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05128","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.05128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.05128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.05128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.05128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05128","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6165960106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB3002502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7474356170","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12433008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7211895261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7211895261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968345831","https://openalex.org/W1995594498","https://openalex.org/W2058149148","https://openalex.org/W2063480122","https://openalex.org/W2086873995","https://openalex.org/W2087168055","https://openalex.org/W2107110738","https://openalex.org/W2109853518","https://openalex.org/W2125868778","https://openalex.org/W2129830851","https://openalex.org/W2140288612","https://openalex.org/W2157791991","https://openalex.org/W2194526421","https://openalex.org/W2198324727","https://openalex.org/W2224283113","https://openalex.org/W2230262155","https://openalex.org/W2237829933","https://openalex.org/W2252795400","https://openalex.org/W2268530831","https://openalex.org/W2369519372","https://openalex.org/W2434803014","https://openalex.org/W2442816495","https://openalex.org/W2444247080","https://openalex.org/W2462805925","https://openalex.org/W2575089829","https://openalex.org/W2611817759","https://openalex.org/W2614849373","https://openalex.org/W2621786732","https://openalex.org/W2751467253","https://openalex.org/W2808670662","https://openalex.org/W2925047731","https://openalex.org/W2953720059","https://openalex.org/W2962732378","https://openalex.org/W2970187091","https://openalex.org/W2991448575","https://openalex.org/W2994958403","https://openalex.org/W3031364614","https://openalex.org/W3044626508","https://openalex.org/W3074135744","https://openalex.org/W3087692166","https://openalex.org/W3136711911","https://openalex.org/W3161363993","https://openalex.org/W3177894565","https://openalex.org/W3212202388","https://openalex.org/W4200375262","https://openalex.org/W4200549612","https://openalex.org/W4210360777","https://openalex.org/W4221163074","https://openalex.org/W4293183458","https://openalex.org/W4293676655","https://openalex.org/W4295974536","https://openalex.org/W4304694454","https://openalex.org/W4311533701","https://openalex.org/W4319455712","https://openalex.org/W4382356161","https://openalex.org/W4382537072","https://openalex.org/W4384699384","https://openalex.org/W4386119054","https://openalex.org/W4388078965","https://openalex.org/W4394839172","https://openalex.org/W4394963250","https://openalex.org/W4396767807","https://openalex.org/W4399152047","https://openalex.org/W4399727185","https://openalex.org/W4400313631","https://openalex.org/W4403597273","https://openalex.org/W4403781087","https://openalex.org/W4404737781","https://openalex.org/W4407688451","https://openalex.org/W4409324649","https://openalex.org/W4411483248","https://openalex.org/W4412094373","https://openalex.org/W4413908479","https://openalex.org/W4413959012","https://openalex.org/W4414672619","https://openalex.org/W4415620879","https://openalex.org/W4415630789","https://openalex.org/W4415635375","https://openalex.org/W4417092517","https://openalex.org/W7106162529","https://openalex.org/W7117247279","https://openalex.org/W7124827724","https://openalex.org/W7127602466","https://openalex.org/W7128088257","https://openalex.org/W7152015914","https://openalex.org/W7160242469","https://openalex.org/W7161695254","https://openalex.org/W7162126478","https://openalex.org/W7162501078","https://openalex.org/W7162575693","https://openalex.org/W7163673965","https://openalex.org/W7163780866","https://openalex.org/W7165624365","https://openalex.org/W7166550966","https://openalex.org/W7167910844","https://openalex.org/W7171961300","https://openalex.org/W7202386329","https://openalex.org/W7223195645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400313631","https://openalex.org/W3089738839","https://openalex.org/W3043111358","https://openalex.org/W3208801137","https://openalex.org/W4221163074","https://openalex.org/W7172023414","https://openalex.org/W4416457629","https://openalex.org/W4289446276","https://openalex.org/W2900224871","https://openalex.org/W7214665420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GWTC-5":[0],"has":[1],"revealed":[2],"a":[3,12,26,32,69,102,150,193],"subpopulation":[4],"of":[5,84,207],"merging":[6,86],"binary":[7,61,220],"black":[8,15],"holes":[9],"(BBHs)":[10],"with":[11,68,101,192,211],"high-spin":[13,70,103,151,194],"primary":[14,71,137,195,212],"hole":[16],"(BH)":[17],"and":[18,88,121,222],"possibly":[19],"unequal":[20],"BH":[21,117,153,213],"masses.":[22],"GW241110":[23],"additionally":[24],"exhibits":[25],"large":[27,162,169],"spin-orbit":[28,50,163],"misalignment,":[29],"which":[30],"suggests":[31],"hierarchical-merger":[33],"origin.":[34,225],"However,":[35],"other":[36],"formation":[37],"scenarios":[38],"are":[39,184],"possible":[40,95],"or":[41,172],"even":[42],"likely,":[43],"especially":[44],"for":[45,97],"events":[46,210],"without":[47],"constraints":[48],"on":[49],"misalignment.":[51],"As":[52],"an":[53,131],"alternative":[54],"to":[55,188],"hierarchical":[56,182,223],"mergers,":[57],"we":[58,79],"investigate":[59],"whether":[60],"evolution":[62,221],"can":[63,111,165],"produce":[64,189],"unequal-mass":[65,99,134,190],"BBH":[66],"mergers":[67,183],"BH.":[72],"Rather":[73],"than":[74,125,158],"performing":[75],"comprehensive":[76],"population-synthesis":[77],"calculations,":[78],"examine":[80],"the":[81,113,126,136,144],"evolutionary":[82],"pathways":[83,96],"forming":[85],"BBHs":[87,100,191],"assess":[89],"their":[90],"uncertainties.":[91],"We":[92,179],"identify":[93],"two":[94],"producing":[98,149],"primary.":[104],"In":[105],"initially":[106,132],"wide":[107],"binaries,":[108],"mass-ratio":[109],"reversal":[110],"make":[112],"tidally":[114],"spun-up":[115],"second-born":[116],"both":[118],"more":[119,122,156,208],"massive":[120,157],"rapidly":[123],"rotating":[124],"first-born":[127,152],"BH;":[128],"alternatively,":[129],"in":[130],"close,":[133],"binary,":[135],"star":[138,146],"may":[139],"evolve":[140],"chemically":[141],"homogeneously,":[142],"while":[143],"secondary":[145],"evolves":[147],"normally,":[148],"that":[154,181],"is":[155],"its":[159],"companion.":[160],"Generally,":[161],"misalignment":[164],"be":[166],"produced":[167],"by":[168],"natal":[170],"kicks":[171],"tertiary-induced":[173],"nodal":[174],"precession":[175],"and/or":[176],"Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai":[177],"oscillations.":[178],"conclude":[180],"not":[185],"uniquely":[186],"required":[187],"BH,":[196],"although":[197],"each":[198],"isolated-binary":[199],"pathway":[200],"faces":[201],"important":[202],"theoretical":[203],"constraints.":[204],"Future":[205],"detections":[206],"merger":[209,224],"spins":[214],"around":[215],"0.7":[216],"would":[217],"discriminate":[218],"between":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-08T00:00:00"}
