{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7211890620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","title":"Advances in hiPSC-Based Models of Complex Neurological Disorders","display_name":"Advances in hiPSC-Based Models of Complex Neurological Disorders","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7211890620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational Neuroscience","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7211898497","display_name":"Translational Neuroscience"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002939794","display_name":"Richard M. Giadone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-3062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-3062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107606265","display_name":"Broad Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0ya142","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157861","display_name":"Harvard Stem Cell Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04kj1hn59","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210157861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738323","display_name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm9b530","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I4392738323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Giadone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-3062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210157861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4392738323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085877858","display_name":"Rafaela Sartore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1801-8650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1801-8650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107606265","display_name":"Broad Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0ya142","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157861","display_name":"Harvard Stem Cell Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04kj1hn59","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210157861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738323","display_name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm9b530","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I4392738323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafaela C. Sartore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1801-8650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210157861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4392738323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028633953","display_name":"Paola Arlotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-2277","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-2277"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107606265","display_name":"Broad Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0ya142","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157861","display_name":"Harvard Stem Cell Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04kj1hn59","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210157861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738323","display_name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm9b530","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I4392738323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paola Arlotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-2277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210157861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4392738323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056524310","display_name":"Lee L. Rubin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-841X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-841X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107606265","display_name":"Broad Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0ya142","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157861","display_name":"Harvard Stem Cell Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04kj1hn59","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210157861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738323","display_name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm9b530","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I4392738323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lee L. Rubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-841X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210157861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4392738323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028633953","https://openalex.org/A5056524310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210157861","https://openalex.org/I4392738323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72099218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10608","display_name":"Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells","display_name":"human induced pluripotent stem cells","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipsc-derived-brain-organoids","display_name":"iPSC-derived brain organoids","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-disorders","display_name":"neurological disorders","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodevelopmental-disorders","display_name":"neurodevelopmental disorders","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-diseases","display_name":"age-related diseases","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-layers","display_name":"cortical layers","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-organoid-culture","display_name":"3D organoid culture","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-discovery","display_name":"drug discovery","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-modeling","display_name":"disease modeling","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986265897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23852","display_name":"Human physiology","level":2,"score":0.24729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.24719999730587006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.24070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.23890000581741333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational Neuroscience","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-31497-0_10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational Neuroscience","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7211890620.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7211890620.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1768523798","https://openalex.org/W1969905245","https://openalex.org/W1978927200","https://openalex.org/W2009108898","https://openalex.org/W2018286352","https://openalex.org/W2067028731","https://openalex.org/W2075136524","https://openalex.org/W2087786585","https://openalex.org/W2088778610","https://openalex.org/W2103612759","https://openalex.org/W2104978512","https://openalex.org/W2111589765","https://openalex.org/W2124965012","https://openalex.org/W2125987139","https://openalex.org/W2136541538","https://openalex.org/W2138977668","https://openalex.org/W2144993965","https://openalex.org/W2195294260","https://openalex.org/W2210094278","https://openalex.org/W2576459186","https://openalex.org/W2594540404","https://openalex.org/W2598899113","https://openalex.org/W2604829166","https://openalex.org/W2605401453","https://openalex.org/W2609844460","https://openalex.org/W2612533830","https://openalex.org/W2619342418","https://openalex.org/W2741286864","https://openalex.org/W2756634427","https://openalex.org/W2766437506","https://openalex.org/W2792312976","https://openalex.org/W2885306088","https://openalex.org/W2890767432","https://openalex.org/W2891411797","https://openalex.org/W2913222052","https://openalex.org/W2948284511","https://openalex.org/W2948870515","https://openalex.org/W2949020598","https://openalex.org/W2949410666","https://openalex.org/W2964523110","https://openalex.org/W2964627277","https://openalex.org/W2967807085","https://openalex.org/W3019998570","https://openalex.org/W3025629780","https://openalex.org/W3028914388","https://openalex.org/W3037614667","https://openalex.org/W3037887675","https://openalex.org/W3041661403","https://openalex.org/W3087103626","https://openalex.org/W3095784700","https://openalex.org/W3111725926","https://openalex.org/W3111791445","https://openalex.org/W3129528519","https://openalex.org/W3160344023","https://openalex.org/W3165226791","https://openalex.org/W4210782186","https://openalex.org/W4308124573","https://openalex.org/W4310911230","https://openalex.org/W4312116196","https://openalex.org/W4313406597","https://openalex.org/W4315865134","https://openalex.org/W4320914072","https://openalex.org/W4327698219","https://openalex.org/W4376871337","https://openalex.org/W4388584919","https://openalex.org/W4389338915","https://openalex.org/W4390500889","https://openalex.org/W4391033422","https://openalex.org/W4400030605","https://openalex.org/W4400683322","https://openalex.org/W4403385606","https://openalex.org/W4407253293","https://openalex.org/W4409283639","https://openalex.org/W4416293861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2739162948","https://openalex.org/W4385546433","https://openalex.org/W7214735933","https://openalex.org/W4409112084","https://openalex.org/W2747556170","https://openalex.org/W7212822631","https://openalex.org/W2924764215","https://openalex.org/W2909152423","https://openalex.org/W3162419970","https://openalex.org/W4210671997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"iPSCs":[1],"(hiPSCs)":[2],"have":[3,16,71],"revolutionized":[4],"drug":[5],"discovery":[6],"in":[7,30,63,79,82,114,136,152,161,175,178,188,194,197],"both":[8],"academic":[9],"and":[10,41,99,144,196],"biopharmaceutical":[11],"settings.":[12],"While":[13],"new":[14],"protocols":[15,153],"been":[17,148],"developed":[18],"to":[19,37,48,126],"generate":[20],"an":[21],"abundant":[22],"supply":[23],"of":[24,44,60,66,104,108,117,131,139,142,215,217],"diverse":[25],"cell":[26,159],"types,":[27],"including":[28],"many":[29,118,216],"the":[31,39,57,64,80,91,95,115,128,137],"central":[32],"nervous":[33],"system":[34],"(CNS),":[35],"efforts":[36],"further":[38,164],"maturation":[40],"physiological":[42],"relevance":[43,130],"iPSC-derived":[45,166],"cells":[46,167,193],"continue":[47],"be":[49],"important,":[50],"particularly":[51],"when":[52],"modeling":[53,141],"aging-related":[54],"diseases.":[55],"Despite":[56],"successful":[58],"use":[59],"brain":[61,132,158,204],"organoids":[62],"study":[65],"neurodevelopmental":[67,143],"disorders,":[68],"current":[69],"models":[70,181],"several":[72],"important":[73],"limitations.":[74],"Organoids":[75],"lack":[76],"structures":[77],"observed":[78],"larger":[81],"vivo":[83,176],"brain,":[84],"such":[85],"as":[86],"cortical":[87],"layers,":[88],"thalamic":[89],"nuclei,":[90],"neurovascular":[92],"unit":[93],"comprising":[94],"blood\u2013brain":[96],"barrier":[97],"(BBB),":[98],"specific":[100],"commissures.":[101],"The":[102,208],"dysregulation":[103],"these":[105,218],"structures,":[106],"or":[107],"communication":[109],"between":[110],"them,":[111],"is":[112],"involved":[113],"onset":[116],"neurological":[119,145],"disorders.":[120],"Consequently,":[121],"novel":[122],"approaches":[123],"are":[124],"needed":[125],"increase":[127],"anatomical":[129],"organoids.":[133],"Rapid":[134],"progress":[135],"field":[138],"iPSC-based":[140],"disorders":[146],"has":[147],"enabled":[149],"by":[150],"advancements":[151],"for":[154,163,190,199],"generating":[155,200],"nearly":[156],"all":[157],"types;":[160],"methods":[162,198],"maturing":[165],"so":[168],"that":[169,182],"they":[170],"more":[171],"closely":[172],"approach":[173],"their":[174],"counterparts;":[177],"innovative":[179],"disease":[180],"encapsulate":[183],"highly":[184,201],"heterogeneous":[185],"patient":[186],"populations;":[187],"strategies":[189],"artificially":[191],"\u201caging\u201d":[192],"vitro;":[195],"reproducible":[202],"3D":[203],"organoid":[205],"culture":[206],"systems.":[207],"future":[209],"will":[210],"likely":[211],"see":[212],"mainstream":[213],"adoption":[214],"cutting-edge":[219],"techniques.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-08T00:00:00"}