{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7210401754","doi":null,"title":"ARBiTER: Behavioural Reputation and Trust Infrastructure for AI Agent Discovery in Open Ecosystems","display_name":"ARBiTER: Behavioural Reputation and Trust Infrastructure for AI Agent Discovery in Open Ecosystems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7210401754"},"language":"it","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.adm.unipi.it:etd-06292026-155257","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etd.adm.unipi.it/theses/available/etd-06292026-155257/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401800","display_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://etd.adm.unipi.it/theses/available/etd-06292026-155257/","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150472918","display_name":"NICOLO' ZARULLI","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ZARULLI, NICOLO'","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5150472918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agent-reputation","display_name":"agent reputation","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-infrastructure","display_name":"trust infrastructure","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-systems","display_name":"multi-agent systems","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-sovereign-identity","display_name":"self-sovereign identity","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralized-identity","display_name":"decentralized identity","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-telemetry","display_name":"behavioral telemetry","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation-scoring","display_name":"reputation scoring","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbiter","display_name":"arbiter","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5975000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86532276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184065","display_name":"Delegation","level":2,"score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43540301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689971","display_name":"Paradigm shift","level":2,"score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137703981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4692093","display_name":"Agent architecture","level":3,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5894958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297769","display_name":"Software agent","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183756365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129064","display_name":"Contract Net Protocol","level":3,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142944206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786137","display_name":"Proactivity","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8858961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068367","display_name":"Nudge theory","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.adm.unipi.it:etd-06292026-155257","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etd.adm.unipi.it/theses/available/etd-06292026-155257/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401800","display_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://etd.adm.unipi.it/theses/available/etd-06292026-155257/","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165001928","https://openalex.org/W7117676542","https://openalex.org/W7118119432","https://openalex.org/W7128811785","https://openalex.org/W7130561339","https://openalex.org/W7161182076","https://openalex.org/W6885120548","https://openalex.org/W7167689207","https://openalex.org/W7117544202","https://openalex.org/W7170134615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Throughout":[0],"much":[1],"of":[2,7,112,144,196,266,350,508,520,535,600],"its":[3],"history,":[4],"the":[5,20,99,140,159,194,202,207,245,257,345,422,434,486,504,574,597],"field":[6],"Artificial":[8],"Intelligence":[9],"(AI)":[10],"has":[11,42,161],"been":[12,43],"a":[13,48,136,148,170,175,184,228,279,329,351,359,379,427,441,493,525,533,546,580,586],"dynamic":[14,92],"and":[15,55,65,91,101,127,131,180,191,206,215,249,269,289,347,374,382,393,410,437,455,477,562,566,570,595],"fast-growing":[16],"topic,":[17],"improving":[18],"at":[19,256],"same":[21],"rate":[22],"as":[23,73,81,201,305,358,402,545,579],"technological":[24],"advancements":[25],"across":[26,532],"different":[27],"eras.":[28],"In":[29,222],"recent":[30],"years,":[31],"thanks":[32],"to":[33,45,134,183,188,218,236,262,278,294,318,417,433,481,492,501],"great":[34],"progress":[35],"in":[36,168,396,589],"Large":[37],"Language":[38],"Models":[39],"(LLMs),":[40],"AI":[41,82,105],"able":[44],"go":[46],"through":[47,421,524],"foundational":[49],"paradigm":[50,100,160],"shift":[51],"from":[52,124],"stateless,":[53],"reactive,":[54],"bounded":[56],"assistants":[57],"towards":[58,164],"autonomous":[59],"agents":[60,108,259],"that":[61,95,234,315,554],"can":[62,369],"reason,":[63],"plan,":[64],"act":[66],"on":[67,272,301,311],"their":[68,74],"own.":[69],"Coupled":[70],"with":[71,122,193,238,355],"LLMs":[72],"working":[75],"brain,":[76],"these":[77,145,210],"assistants,":[78],"better":[79],"known":[80],"agents,":[83],"integrate":[84],"advanced":[85],"reasoning,":[86],"long-term":[87],"memory,":[88],"tool":[89],"use,":[90],"planning":[93],"capabilities":[94],"have":[96,260],"decisively":[97],"broken":[98],"definitely":[102],"amplified":[103],"previous":[104],"systems.":[106],"Said":[107],"are":[109,213],"also":[110],"capable":[111],"decomposing":[113],"high-level,":[114],"complex":[115],"objectives":[116],"into":[117,177,378,463,470],"granular":[118],"sub-tasks,":[119],"executing":[120],"actions":[121],"support":[123],"external":[125,495,499],"tools,":[126],"interpreting":[128],"environmental":[129],"feedback":[130],"signals,":[132],"all":[133],"achieve":[135],"designated":[137],"goal.":[138],"As":[139],"overall":[141],"operational":[142,230],"complexity":[143],"goals":[146],"increases,":[147],"single-agent":[149],"architecture":[150],"may":[151],"experience":[152],"concrete":[153,582],"structural":[154,346],"bottlenecks.":[155],"That":[156],"is":[157,316,489,522],"why":[158],"progressively":[162],"moved":[163],"Multi-Agent":[165],"Systems(MASs)":[166],"first,":[167],"which":[169],"high-level":[171],"orchestrator":[172],"agent":[173,233,391,590],"decomposes":[174],"task":[176,419],"smaller":[178],"sub-tasks":[179],"delegates":[181],"them":[182,469,480],"sub-agent":[185],"skilled":[186],"enough":[187],"execute":[189],"them;":[190],"then,":[192],"emergence":[195],"open":[197],"interoperability":[198],"frameworks":[199],"such":[200,304,544],"Google":[203],"A2A":[204,435],"protocol":[205],"Anthropic":[208],"MCP,":[209],"MASs":[211],"deployments":[212],"currently":[214],"rapidly":[216],"transitioning":[217],"open-ended":[219,338,593],"agentic":[220,285,339,365],"economies.":[221,340],"this":[223,322,325],"context,":[224],"cross-boundary":[225],"delegation":[226,539],"becomes":[227],"critical":[229],"dependency;":[231],"an":[232,239,471,482],"needs":[235],"collaborate":[237],"unknown":[240],"peer":[241,376,415,461],"must":[242,270],"first":[243],"assess":[244],"peer's":[246],"competence,":[247],"reliability,":[248],"security":[250],"before":[251],"delegating":[252],"any":[253,509],"work.":[254],"However,":[255],"moment,":[258],"little":[261],"no":[263],"prior":[264],"knowledge":[265],"unfamiliar":[267],"peers":[268],"rely":[271],"unstandardized,":[273],"unverified":[274,302],"discovery":[275,287,575,591],"mechanisms,":[276],"leading":[277],"severe":[280],"infrastructural":[281],"trust":[282,362,587],"deficit.":[283],"Existing":[284],"registries,":[286],"protocols,":[288],"decentralized":[290,371],"ranking":[291],"algorithms":[292],"fail":[293],"provide":[295],"valid":[296],"verifiable":[297,418],"security,":[298],"either":[299],"relying":[300],"self-attestation,":[303],"Agent":[306],"Cards,":[307],"or":[308],"by":[309,447],"depending":[310],"unauthenticated":[312],"telemetry":[313,373],"data":[314,475],"vulnerable":[317],"manipulation.":[319],"To":[320,386,451],"address":[321],"infrastructure":[323],"gap,":[324],"thesis":[326],"presents":[327],"ARBiTER,":[328],"centralized,":[330],"cryptographically":[331],"auditable":[332],"reputation":[333,384,564],"bureau":[334],"designed":[335],"specifically":[336,430],"for":[337,364,431,585,592],"The":[341,367,517,549],"design":[342,519],"intentionally":[343],"mirrors":[344],"economic":[348],"macro-architecture":[349],"traditional":[352],"credit":[353],"bureau,":[354],"ARBiTER":[356,389,432,458,521,555,578],"serving":[357],"neutral,":[360],"ecosystem-level":[361],"layer":[363,588],"discovery.":[366],"system":[368],"ingest":[370],"behavioral":[372],"aggregate":[375],"interactions":[377,420],"quantifiable,":[380],"portable,":[381],"auctionable":[383],"score.":[385],"do":[387],"so,":[388],"anchors":[390],"identity":[392],"capability":[394],"claims":[395],"Self-Sovereign":[397],"Identity":[398,405],"(SSI)":[399],"primitives":[400],"(such":[401],"W3C's":[403],"Decentralized":[404],"(DID),":[406],"Verifiable":[407,411],"Credentials":[408],"(VC),":[409],"Presentations":[412],"(VP));":[413],"binds":[414],"reviews":[416,462],"Delegation":[423],"Agreement":[424],"Protocol":[425],"(DAP),":[426],"custom":[428],"extension":[429],"protocol;":[436],"computes":[438],"scores":[439],"using":[440],"novel":[442],"sybil-resistant":[443],"aggregation":[444],"algorithm,":[445],"inspired":[446],"authoritative":[448],"network-ranking":[449],"frameworks.":[450],"ensure":[452],"absolute":[453],"transparency":[454],"independent":[456],"auditability,":[457],"batches":[459],"incoming":[460],"temporal":[464],"units":[465],"called":[466],"epochs,":[467],"seals":[468],"immutable":[472],"Merkle":[473],"tree":[474],"structure,":[476],"then":[478],"commits":[479],"internal":[483],"cryptographic":[484],"hash-chain;":[485],"resulting":[487],"trace":[488],"permanently":[490],"anchored":[491],"public,":[494],"blockchain":[496],"ledger,":[497],"enabling":[498],"auditors":[500],"indipendently":[502],"verify":[503],"complete":[505],"historical":[506],"integrity":[507],"agent's":[510],"score":[511],"without":[512],"fully":[513,526],"trusting":[514],"ARBiTER's":[515],"engine.":[516],"architectural":[518,583],"validated":[523],"functional":[527],"Proof-of-Concept":[528],"(PoC)":[529],"deliverable,":[530],"evaluated":[531],"series":[534],"simulated,":[536],"realistic":[537],"multi-agent":[538],"scenarios":[540],"under":[541],"adversarial":[542],"conditions,":[543],"Sybil":[547],"attack.":[548],"evaluation":[550],"demonstrates":[551],"results":[552],"confirming":[553],"successfully":[556],"isolates":[557],"malicious":[558],"actors,":[559],"provides":[560],"stable":[561],"accurate":[563],"convergence,":[565],"incurs":[567],"minimal":[568],"computational":[569],"latency":[571],"overhead":[572],"during":[573],"phase,":[576],"proving":[577],"scalable,":[581],"foundation":[584],"economies,":[594],"within":[596],"future":[598],"Internet":[599],"Agents":[601],"(IoA).":[602]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-07T09:17:50.787605","created_date":"2026-09-07T00:00:00"}