{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208838017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","title":"Acute hydroxychloroquine poisoning: A case report","display_name":"Acute hydroxychloroquine poisoning: A case report","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208838017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","pdf_url":"https://jncdme.com/index.php/mejncd/article/download/18/23","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058476","display_name":"Middle East Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","issn_l":"2091-0533","issn":["2091-0533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle East Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://jncdme.com/index.php/mejncd/article/download/18/23","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061804660","display_name":"Khadijeh Saravani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-9402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-9402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112450260","display_name":"Zabol University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d9mz263","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112450260"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I310735636","display_name":"Zabol University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tr0b92","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I310735636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khadijeh Saravani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Amir al Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical, Zabol, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Amir al Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical, Zabol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112450260","https://openalex.org/I310735636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103009115","display_name":"Pantea Ramezannezhad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-2036","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-2036","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3209-303X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170350485","display_name":"Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0506tgm76","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170350485"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pantea Ramezannezhad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170350485"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150281016","display_name":"Mahdi Faraji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I310735636","display_name":"Zabol University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tr0b92","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I310735636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Faraji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Amir al Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Amir al Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I310735636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150179213","display_name":"Amir Mirtalaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3113-0879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3113-0879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094515","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Shahreza","ror":"https://ror.org/006hvpn82","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210094515"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Mirtalaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Isfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3113-0879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72596019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"88","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11635","display_name":"Poisoning and overdose treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11635","display_name":"Poisoning and overdose treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13639","display_name":"Paraquat toxicity studies and treatments","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13095","display_name":"Plant-based Medicinal Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-overdose","display_name":"drug overdose","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide-attempts","display_name":"suicide attempts","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tonic-clonic-seizures","display_name":"tonic-clonic seizures","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypotension","display_name":"hypotension","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypokalemia","display_name":"hypokalemia","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-acidosis","display_name":"respiratory acidosis","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-arrhythmia","display_name":"cardiac arrhythmias","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qrs-prolongation","display_name":"QRS prolongation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activated-carbon","display_name":"activated carbon","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-chloride-supplementation","display_name":"potassium chloride supplementation","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-bicarbonate","display_name":"sodium bicarbonate","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supportive-care","display_name":"supportive care","score":0.7089999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9107000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778242168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794086","display_name":"Hypokalemia","level":2,"score":0.7657999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779123688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421094","display_name":"Hydroxychloroquine","level":5,"score":0.6862000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779379848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917069","display_name":"Rhabdomyolysis","level":2,"score":0.5224999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776420369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179731","display_name":"Sodium bicarbonate","level":2,"score":0.5148000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779246250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1598200","display_name":"Metabolic acidosis","level":2,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776989520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145935","display_name":"Respiratory acidosis","level":3,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775859304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132621","display_name":"Epinephrine","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778553927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185089","display_name":"Acidosis","level":2,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5491454","display_name":"Resuscitation","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780243291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605259","display_name":"Hyperkalemia","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969062","display_name":"Respiratory alkalosis","level":3,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776315796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505252","display_name":"Drug overdose","level":3,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780875844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186235","display_name":"Myocarditis","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776888751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767485","display_name":"Respiratory failure","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779539245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428362","display_name":"Metabolic alkalosis","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111773187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969239","display_name":"QRS complex","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780457178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3774744","display_name":"Respiratory arrest","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189522","display_name":"Quinine","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","pdf_url":"https://jncdme.com/index.php/mejncd/article/download/18/23","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058476","display_name":"Middle East Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","issn_l":"2091-0533","issn":["2091-0533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle East Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66224/mejncd.1.2.18","pdf_url":"https://jncdme.com/index.php/mejncd/article/download/18/23","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058476","display_name":"Middle East Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","issn_l":"2091-0533","issn":["2091-0533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle East Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7627766728401184}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208838017.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208838017.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3033652393","https://openalex.org/W3043154997","https://openalex.org/W3087622222","https://openalex.org/W3092703371","https://openalex.org/W3152646711","https://openalex.org/W4307811397"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Hydroxychloroquine":[1],"(HCQ)":[2],"is":[3],"commonly":[4],"used":[5],"to":[6,16,31,161],"treat":[7],"various":[8],"rheumatological":[9],"conditions,":[10],"but":[11],"its":[12],"overdose":[13],"can":[14,159],"lead":[15,160],"severe":[17,62,138],"toxicity":[18],"with":[19,59,100],"life-threatening":[20,141],"complications.":[21],"Prompt":[22],"recognition":[23],"and":[24,69,92,116,139,149,156],"management":[25],"of":[26,143],"HCQ":[27,45,144],"poisoning":[28],"are":[29],"essential":[30],"prevent":[32],"fatal":[33],"outcomes.":[34],"Case":[35],"Presentation:":[36],"We":[37],"report":[38],"a":[39,48],"47-year-old":[40],"man":[41],"who":[42],"ingested":[43],"100":[44],"tablets":[46],"in":[47,128],"suicide":[49],"attempt.":[50],"On":[51],"arrival":[52],"at":[53],"the":[54,129,137],"emergency":[55],"department,":[56],"he":[57],"presented":[58],"tonic-clonic":[60],"seizures,":[61],"hypotension":[63],"(BP":[64],"60/45":[65],"mmHg),":[66],"respiratory":[67,79],"distress,":[68],"hypokalemia":[70],"(K":[71],"2.4":[72],"mEq/L).":[73],"Arterial":[74],"blood":[75],"gas":[76],"analysis":[77],"showed":[78],"acidosis":[80],"(pH":[81],"7.22,":[82],"PaCO2":[83],"55":[84],"mmHg).":[85],"Electrocardiography":[86],"revealed":[87],"ST":[88],"depression,":[89],"T-wave":[90],"inversion,":[91],"prolonged":[93],"QRS":[94,120],"complex.":[95],"The":[96],"patient":[97],"was":[98,123],"managed":[99],"activated":[101],"charcoal,":[102],"mechanical":[103],"ventilation,":[104],"diazepam":[105],"for":[106,113,119],"seizure":[107],"control,":[108],"potassium":[109],"chloride":[110],"supplementation,":[111],"epinephrine":[112],"hemodynamic":[114],"support,":[115],"sodium":[117],"bicarbonate":[118],"widening.":[121],"He":[122],"stabilized":[124],"after":[125],"four":[126],"days":[127],"intensive":[130],"care":[131,155],"unit.":[132],"Conclusion:":[133],"This":[134],"case":[135],"highlights":[136],"potentially":[140],"complications":[142],"overdose,":[145],"including":[146],"neurological,":[147],"cardiovascular,":[148],"metabolic":[150],"disturbances.":[151],"Early":[152],"aggressive":[153],"supportive":[154],"specific":[157],"therapies":[158],"successful":[162],"outcomes":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2026-09-06T00:00:00"}