{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208834038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","title":"MICROBIAL SAFETY OF READY-TO-EAT HAWAWSHI IN ASSIUT, EGYPT: PREVALENCE AND VIRULENCE TRAITS OF Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","display_name":"MICROBIAL SAFETY OF READY-TO-EAT HAWAWSHI IN ASSIUT, EGYPT: PREVALENCE AND VIRULENCE TRAITS OF Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208834038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764436232","display_name":"Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal/Ma\u01e7alla\u1e97 Asy\u016b\u1e6d al-\u1e6dibiyya\u1e97 al-baytariyya\u1e97","issn_l":"1012-5973","issn":["1012-5973","2314-5226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318990","host_organization_name":"Assiut University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Assiut University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150104218","display_name":"OLA M. FARGHALY","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"OLA M. FARGHALY","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054789440","display_name":"Doaa M Abd El-Aziz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DOAA M. ABD EL-AZIZ","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001245230","display_name":"Nady Khairy Elbarbary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5521-6310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5521-6310"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NADY KH. ELBARBARY","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074598484","display_name":"Ashraf Abd-El-Malek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-0777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-0777"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ASHRAF M. ABD EL-MALEK","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":400,"currency":"EGP","value_usd":null},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"0","issue":"0","first_page":"0","last_page":"0"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10943","display_name":"Escherichia coli research studies","score":0.11599999666213989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ready-to-eat-food-safety","display_name":"ready-to-eat food safety","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli-o157-h7","display_name":"Escherichia coli O157:H7","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virulence-genes","display_name":"virulence genes","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-vendors","display_name":"street vendors","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foodborne-pathogens","display_name":"foodborne pathogens","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coa-gene","display_name":"coa gene","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterotoxin-genes","display_name":"enterotoxin genes","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assiut","display_name":"Assiut","score":0.7789999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.7373999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.6916000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.6801000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6740999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6001999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778910516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380136","display_name":"Enterobacteriaceae","level":4,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779288629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199695","display_name":"Staphylococcus","level":4,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908821069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli Proteins","level":4,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118815799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24723149","display_name":"Intimin","level":5,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764436232","display_name":"Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal/Ma\u01e7alla\u1e97 Asy\u016b\u1e6d al-\u1e6dibiyya\u1e97 al-baytariyya\u1e97","issn_l":"1012-5973","issn":["1012-5973","2314-5226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318990","host_organization_name":"Assiut University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Assiut University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7104d18ce0d4455a4d749ea1a8292ce","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7104d18ce0d4455a4d749ea1a8292ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2026.481868.2104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764436232","display_name":"Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal/Ma\u01e7alla\u1e97 Asy\u016b\u1e6d al-\u1e6dibiyya\u1e97 al-baytariyya\u1e97","issn_l":"1012-5973","issn":["1012-5973","2314-5226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318990","host_organization_name":"Assiut University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Assiut University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6875,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2563435932","https://openalex.org/W2949161849","https://openalex.org/W2556449659","https://openalex.org/W3025884053","https://openalex.org/W2112706503","https://openalex.org/W2182117172","https://openalex.org/W2981146209","https://openalex.org/W4235594231","https://openalex.org/W4238787562","https://openalex.org/W4200477226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ready-to-eat":[0],"(RTE)":[1],"foods":[2,229],"are":[3,230],"widely":[4],"consumed\u0648":[5],"but":[6],"may":[7],"pose":[8,201],"significant":[9,120,162,179,203],"public":[10],"health":[11],"risks":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,32],"microbial":[15],"contamination.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"evaluated":[19],"the":[20,148,183,189,213],"bacteriological":[21],"quality":[22],"of":[23,48,81,88,93,112,182,205,227],"hawawshi":[24,50,199],"sandwiches":[25,200],"in":[26,110,134,217],"Assiut,":[27],"Egypt,":[28],"with":[29,122,161],"special":[30],"reference":[31],"Staphylococcus":[33],"aureus":[34,95,129],"(S.":[35],"aureus)":[36],"and":[37,59,66,79,96,101,158,174,195,224],"Escherichia":[38],"coli":[39,44,98,106,116,185],"(E.":[40],"coli),":[41],"including":[42],"E.":[43,97,105,115,184],"O157:H7.":[45],"A":[46],"total":[47],"90":[49],"samples":[51,137],"were":[52,74,131,147],"randomly":[53],"collected":[54],"from":[55],"different":[56],"food":[57],"outlets":[58,165],"classified":[60],"as":[61],"street":[62,135,218],"vendors,":[63],"small-scale":[64],"restaurants,":[65],"chain":[67],"restaurants":[68],"(n":[69],"=":[70],"30":[71],"each).":[72],"Samples":[73],"analyzed":[75],"for":[76],"isolation,":[77],"identification":[78],"enumeration":[80],"target":[82],"organisms,":[83],"followed":[84,152],"by":[85,153],"PCR":[86],"detection":[87],"virulence":[89,191],"genes.":[90],"The":[91],"prevalence":[92,117],"S.":[94,128,210],"was":[99,108],"65.6%":[100],"46.7%,":[102],"respectively,":[103],"while":[104],"O157:H7":[107,186],"detected":[109],"7.8%":[111],"samples.":[113],"Although":[114],"showed":[118,177],"no":[119,178],"association":[121],"outlet":[123],"category":[124],"(p":[125,138,167],">":[126],"0.05),":[127],"counts":[130],"significantly":[132],"higher":[133,214],"vendors":[136,219],"<":[139,168],"0.05).":[140,169],"Molecular":[141],"analysis":[142],"revealed":[143],"that":[144],"coa":[145],"gene":[146],"most":[149],"prevalent":[150],"(75%),":[151],"enterotoxin":[154],"genes":[155,176,192],"sea":[156],"(50%)":[157],"seb":[159],"(41.7%),":[160],"differences":[163],"among":[164],"categories":[166],"In":[170,197],"contrast,":[171],"sec,":[172],"sed,":[173],"see":[175],"variation.":[180],"None":[181],"isolates":[187],"harbored":[188],"investigated":[190],"(stx1,":[193],"stx2,":[194],"hlyA).":[196],"conclusion,":[198],"a":[202],"risk":[204],"foodborne":[206],"pathogens,":[207],"particularly":[208],"toxigenic":[209],"aureus.":[211],"Given":[212],"contamination":[215],"severity":[216],"samples,":[220],"strict":[221],"hygiene":[222],"enforcement":[223],"continuous":[225],"monitoring":[226],"RTE":[228],"critical.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-09-06T00:00:00"}
