{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208825307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51168/83df2v31","title":"Clinico-immunological profile and antibiogram of Salmonella species causing enteric fever at a tertiary care hospital in Bihar: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.","display_name":"Clinico-immunological profile and antibiogram of Salmonella species causing enteric fever at a tertiary care hospital in Bihar: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208825307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51168/83df2v31"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.51168/83df2v31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51168/83df2v31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51168/83df2v31","pdf_url":"https://sjhrafrica.org.sjhresearchafrica.org/index.php/public-html/article/download/2887/2732","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191156","display_name":"Student s Journal of Health Research Africa","issn_l":"2709-9997","issn":["2709-9997","3006-1059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Student's Journal of Health Research Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7208825307"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://sjhrafrica.org.sjhresearchafrica.org/index.php/public-html/article/download/2887/2732","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150284207","display_name":"Priyanka R K","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I238035932","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/049pcfs17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyanka R K","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012737520","display_name":"Randhir Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-7269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-7269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I238035932","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/049pcfs17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randhir Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Additional Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Additional Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104319625","display_name":"Archana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8451-572X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8451-572X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I238035932","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/049pcfs17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Archana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150102501","display_name":"Amit Mishra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I238035932","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/049pcfs17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Additional Professor, Department of General Medicine, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Additional Professor, Department of General Medicine, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136252481","display_name":"Rakesh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-1688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-1688"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I238035932","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/049pcfs17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Additional Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Additional Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078178920","display_name":"Namrata Kumari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3768-3234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3768-3234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I238035932","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/049pcfs17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namrata Kumari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I238035932"],"apc_list":{"value":40,"currency":"USD","value_usd":40},"apc_paid":{"value":40,"currency":"USD","value_usd":40},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"9","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12167","display_name":"Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteric-fever","display_name":"enteric fever","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salmonella","display_name":"Salmonella","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistance","display_name":"multidrug resistance","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-susceptibility","display_name":"antibiotic susceptibility","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/widal-test","display_name":"Widal test","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serological-diagnosis","display_name":"serological diagnosis","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-culture","display_name":"blood culture","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance-surveillance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance surveillance","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bihar","display_name":"Bihar","score":0.7789999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778837529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550257","display_name":"Widal test","level":5,"score":0.8104000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886695","display_name":"Blood culture","level":3,"score":0.7493000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45189115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159","display_name":"Serology","level":3,"score":0.7002000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020771617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83319","display_name":"Enteric fever","level":3,"score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520601542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83319","display_name":"Typhoid fever","level":2,"score":0.6717000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781065037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150839","display_name":"Salmonella","level":3,"score":0.5902000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781212295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774539","display_name":"Antibiogram","level":4,"score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778806431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774539","display_name":"Antibiotic sensitivity","level":3,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994552716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21600865","display_name":"Salmonella typhi","level":4,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189539697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125312","display_name":"Microbiological culture","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780261877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519062","display_name":"Rapid diagnostic test","level":3,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776353676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182672","display_name":"Zoonosis","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910153003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380200","display_name":"Enteric bacteria","level":4,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82157600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic test","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10389963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848328","display_name":"Serotype","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779425571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415843","display_name":"Sulfamethoxazole","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779443120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650912","display_name":"Bacteremia","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422665","display_name":"Trimethoprim","level":3,"score":0.26759999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.51168/83df2v31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51168/83df2v31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51168/83df2v31","pdf_url":"https://sjhrafrica.org.sjhresearchafrica.org/index.php/public-html/article/download/2887/2732","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191156","display_name":"Student s Journal of Health Research Africa","issn_l":"2709-9997","issn":["2709-9997","3006-1059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Student's Journal of Health Research Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.51168/83df2v31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51168/83df2v31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51168/83df2v31","pdf_url":"https://sjhrafrica.org.sjhresearchafrica.org/index.php/public-html/article/download/2887/2732","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191156","display_name":"Student s Journal of Health Research Africa","issn_l":"2709-9997","issn":["2709-9997","3006-1059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Student's Journal of Health Research Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208825307.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208825307.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1436789720","https://openalex.org/W2984316156","https://openalex.org/W3015248390","https://openalex.org/W4281902199","https://openalex.org/W4382776450","https://openalex.org/W4389250686","https://openalex.org/W4409378734","https://openalex.org/W7125655333","https://openalex.org/W7133337986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2999457365","https://openalex.org/W7204480560","https://openalex.org/W3198418516","https://openalex.org/W7128701211","https://openalex.org/W4387224184","https://openalex.org/W4254858836","https://openalex.org/W4399084147","https://openalex.org/W4396660824","https://openalex.org/W2164190826","https://openalex.org/W3015248390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Enteric":[1,195],"fever":[2,62,101,196,289],"continues":[3],"to":[4,14,201,224],"pose":[5],"a":[6,64,82,130,183,198],"significant":[7],"public":[8],"health":[9],"challenge":[10],"in":[11,39,63,68,144,204],"Bihar,":[12],"attributed":[13],"inadequate":[15],"sanitation,":[16],"restricted":[17,207],"diagnostic":[18,29,46,258],"capabilities,":[19],"and":[20,34,41,54,95,110,118,150,169,188,212,227,237,247,270,281,290],"the":[21,51,213,219,256],"escalating":[22,292],"risk":[23],"of":[24,56,84,89,132,146,209,215,266],"antibiotic":[25,111,235,277],"resistance":[26,189],"(AMR).":[27],"Traditional":[28],"techniques,":[30],"including":[31],"blood":[32,170],"culture":[33,109,140,171,253],"serological":[35,210,262],"assays,":[36,115],"have":[37],"limitations":[38],"sensitivity":[40],"specificity,":[42],"hence":[43],"requiring":[44],"enhanced":[45,279],"methodologies.":[47],"Objective:":[48],"To":[49],"assess":[50],"clinico-immunological":[52],"characteristics":[53],"antibiogram":[55,272],"Salmonella":[57,178],"species":[58],"responsible":[59],"for":[60,108,221,233,243,286],"enteric":[61,100,288],"tertiary":[65],"care":[66],"facility":[67],"Bihar.":[69,205],"Methods:":[70],"This":[71],"hospital-based":[72],"cross-sectional":[73],"observational":[74],"study":[75],"was":[76,124,142,163],"performed":[77],"at":[78],"IGIMS,":[79],"Patna,":[80],"over":[81],"duration":[83],"12":[85,93],"months.":[86],"A":[87,160],"total":[88],"163":[90],"individuals,":[91],"aged":[92],"years":[94],"older,":[96],"with":[97,126,129],"clinically":[98],"suspected":[99],"were":[102,106,120,180],"included.":[103],"Blood":[104,139,252],"specimens":[105],"obtained":[107],"susceptibility":[112],"analysis.":[113],"Immunological":[114],"specifically":[116],"Widal":[117,149,166],"Typhidot,":[119],"conducted.":[121],"Statistical":[122],"analysis":[123],"conducted":[125],"Epi":[127],"Info,":[128],"p-value":[131],"less":[133],"than":[134],"0.05":[135],"being":[136],"significant.":[137],"Results:":[138],"positivity":[141,155],"noted":[143],"30.7%":[145],"instances.":[147],"The":[148,206,264],"Typhidot":[151],"tests":[152],"showed":[153],"high":[154],"rates":[156],"but":[157],"low":[158],"specificity.":[159],"notable":[161],"correlation":[162],"identified":[164],"between":[165,186],"test":[167],"outcomes":[168,246],"results":[172],"(p":[173,191],"<":[174,192],"0.05).":[175,193],"Multidrug-resistant":[176],"(MDR)":[177],"strains":[179],"discovered,":[181],"demonstrating":[182],"substantial":[184],"association":[185],"culture-positive":[187],"patterns":[190],"Conclusion:":[194],"is":[197,274],"major":[199],"contributor":[200],"acute":[202],"illness":[203],"specificity":[208],"assays":[211],"rise":[214],"multidrug-resistant":[216],"bacteria":[217],"underscore":[218],"necessity":[220],"shifting":[222],"serology":[223],"automated":[225,239,268],"identification":[226],"AST":[228],"systems.":[229],"Enhancing":[230],"surveillance,":[231,280],"advocating":[232],"judicious":[234],"utilisation,":[236,278],"using":[238],"diagnostics":[240,269],"are":[241,284],"crucial":[242],"improving":[244],"patient":[245],"managing":[248,287],"antimicrobial":[249,293],"resistance.":[250,294],"Recommendation:":[251],"should":[254],"be":[255],"principal":[257],"method,":[259],"supplemented":[260],"by":[261],"testing.":[263],"implementation":[265],"rapid":[267],"regular":[271],"testing":[273],"crucial.":[275],"Prudent":[276],"superior":[282],"cleanliness":[283],"essential":[285],"addressing":[291]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-09-06T00:00:00"}