{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208824814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","title":"Analysis of the Economic Efficiency of UAV Delivery of Medical and Small-Sized Cargo: A Case Study of the East Kazakhstan Region","display_name":"Analysis of the Economic Efficiency of UAV Delivery of Medical and Small-Sized Cargo: A Case Study of the East Kazakhstan Region","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208824814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","pdf_url":"https://statecounsellor.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/pdf_260303.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508675","display_name":"Economic Consultant","issn_l":"2686-9012","issn":["2686-9012"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Consultant","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://statecounsellor.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/pdf_260303.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031622600","display_name":"Galiya S. Ukubassova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-8292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-8292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271843","display_name":"Esil University","ror":"https://ror.org/035dyj348","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271843"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Galiya S. Ukubassova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Esil University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Esil University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031622600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"3","first_page":"41","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.5454000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.5454000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.11330000311136246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.10459999740123749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone-delivery","display_name":"drone delivery","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/last-mile-delivery","display_name":"last-mile delivery","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-efficiency","display_name":"economic efficiency","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-healthcare-access","display_name":"remote healthcare access","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-logistics","display_name":"pharmaceutical logistics","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-private-partnerships","display_name":"public-private partnerships","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-event-simulation","display_name":"discrete event simulation","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-regulation","display_name":"aviation law","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-kazakhstan","display_name":"East Kazakhstan","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-model","display_name":"decision support model","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6862000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6435999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985722716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4290","display_name":"Capital investment","level":2,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778964270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7097774","display_name":"Operational efficiency","level":2,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780502288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28838156","display_name":"Expansive","level":3,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23976947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193193","display_name":"Tier 1 network","level":3,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172497479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302208","display_name":"Capital expenditure","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109332788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615445","display_name":"Economic efficiency","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391886","display_name":"Economic evaluation","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","pdf_url":"https://statecounsellor.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/pdf_260303.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508675","display_name":"Economic Consultant","issn_l":"2686-9012","issn":["2686-9012"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Consultant","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2026.3.3","pdf_url":"https://statecounsellor.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/pdf_260303.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508675","display_name":"Economic Consultant","issn_l":"2686-9012","issn":["2686-9012"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Consultant","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208824814.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208824814.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3113241956","https://openalex.org/W4283517241","https://openalex.org/W4360619128","https://openalex.org/W4401011187","https://openalex.org/W4401028087","https://openalex.org/W4401281286","https://openalex.org/W4402958310","https://openalex.org/W4404445861","https://openalex.org/W4404478103","https://openalex.org/W4405636588","https://openalex.org/W4405972259","https://openalex.org/W4406972787","https://openalex.org/W4406972807","https://openalex.org/W4407004822","https://openalex.org/W4407069301","https://openalex.org/W4407800393","https://openalex.org/W4409023578","https://openalex.org/W4409885783","https://openalex.org/W4410279729","https://openalex.org/W4410539761","https://openalex.org/W4414638966","https://openalex.org/W4414639295","https://openalex.org/W4415129331","https://openalex.org/W4415534398","https://openalex.org/W4415719714","https://openalex.org/W7116701459","https://openalex.org/W7118233569","https://openalex.org/W7125513106","https://openalex.org/W7127290274","https://openalex.org/W7128393148","https://openalex.org/W7128957790","https://openalex.org/W7130650697","https://openalex.org/W7130823784","https://openalex.org/W7147110055","https://openalex.org/W7161400097","https://openalex.org/W7162093547","https://openalex.org/W7163373034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140317394","https://openalex.org/W7221460127","https://openalex.org/W4408619230","https://openalex.org/W7111472992","https://openalex.org/W4307552321","https://openalex.org/W3163209967","https://openalex.org/W3018782697","https://openalex.org/W4386107554","https://openalex.org/W4210716571","https://openalex.org/W2469204413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction.":[0],"The":[1,27,50,142,213,238,277],"challenge":[2],"of":[3,24,30,52,75,81,84,155,179,193,232],"ensuring":[4],"medical":[5,103],"care":[6],"accessibility":[7,263],"in":[8,46,229,272],"remote,":[9],"sparsely":[10],"populated":[11],"regions":[12,292],"remains":[13],"a":[14,58,62,96,116,147,250,281],"persistent":[15],"global":[16],"concern,":[17],"particularly":[18],"pronounced":[19],"across":[20],"the":[21,43,53,72,76,82,101,230,245,266],"expansive":[22],"territories":[23],"Central":[25],"Asia.":[26],"effective":[28],"implementation":[29,217],"\u201clast-mile\u201d":[31],"delivery":[32,63,202,243],"for":[33,60,100,244,260,285],"essential":[34],"pharmaceuticals":[35],"and":[36,87,112,115,131,162,287],"biomaterials":[37],"demands":[38],"innovative":[39],"approaches":[40],"unconstrained":[41],"by":[42,190,275],"limitations":[44],"inherent":[45],"ground-based":[47],"transport":[48,262],"infrastructure.":[49],"purpose":[51],"study":[54],"is":[55,288],"to":[56,168,196,210,216,268,290],"elaborate":[57],"model":[59,150,279],"deploying":[61],"system":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66,146],"unmanned":[67],"aerial":[68],"vehicles":[69],"(UAVs)":[70],"within":[71,172],"specific":[73],"context":[74],"East":[77],"Kazakhstan":[78],"Region":[79],"(EKR)":[80],"Republic":[83,231],"Kazakhstan.":[85],"Materials":[86],"Methods.":[88],"A":[89],"discrete-event":[90],"simulation":[91],"framework":[92],"was":[93,122,135,166,218],"constructed,":[94],"integrating":[95],"logistics":[97],"network":[98],"module":[99,108],"EKR\u2019s":[102],"facilities,":[104],"an":[105,152,176,191,256],"economic":[106],"assessment":[107],"covering":[109],"both":[110],"capital":[111],"operating":[113],"costs,":[114],"socio-economic":[117],"impact":[118],"evaluation":[119],"module.":[120],"Validation":[121],"performed":[123],"through":[124],"benchmarking":[125],"against":[126],"findings":[127],"from":[128,207],"comparable":[129],"studies":[130],"expert":[132],"judgement;":[133],"sensitivity":[134],"explored":[136],"via":[137],"Monte":[138],"Carlo":[139],"simulation.":[140],"Results.":[141],"optimal":[143],"configuration,":[144],"predicated":[145],"public-private":[148],"partnership":[149],"with":[151,265],"initial":[153],"investment":[154],"1.5":[156],"million":[157],"USD":[158],"(comprising":[159],"50":[160],"UAVs":[161],"80":[163],"charging":[164],"stations),":[165],"found":[167],"achieve":[169],"financial":[170],"breakeven":[171],"3\u20134":[173],"years":[174],"at":[175],"annual":[177],"throughput":[178],"50,000":[180],"deliveries.":[181],"Calculations":[182],"indicated":[183],"that":[184,241],"operational":[185],"expenses":[186],"could":[187,204],"be":[188,205],"reduced":[189],"order":[192],"magnitude":[194],"relative":[195],"conventional":[197],"road":[198],"transport,":[199],"while":[200],"medication":[201],"times":[203],"shortened":[206],"2\u20138":[208],"hours":[209],"30\u201390":[211],"minutes.":[212],"principal":[214],"impediment":[215],"identified":[219],"not":[220,248],"as":[221,225],"technological":[222],"deficiency":[223],"but":[224,254],"regulatory":[226],"constraints":[227],"embedded":[228],"Kazakhstan\u2019s":[233],"current":[234],"aviation":[235],"legislation.":[236],"Conclusion.":[237],"investigation":[239],"confirms":[240],"UAV-based":[242],"EKR":[246],"represents":[247],"merely":[249],"technically":[251],"viable":[252],"proposition":[253],"also":[255],"economically":[257],"sound":[258],"strategy":[259],"addressing":[261],"deficits,":[264],"potential":[267],"expand":[269],"healthcare":[270],"coverage":[271],"remote":[273],"districts":[274],"40\u201360%.":[276],"developed":[278],"offers":[280],"practical":[282],"decision-support":[283],"tool":[284],"administrators":[286],"adaptable":[289],"other":[291],"sharing":[293],"similar":[294],"geographical":[295],"characteristics.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-06T00:00:00"}
