{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208823995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2027258","title":"Tone and loudness as markers of dialect identity: A sociophonetic comparison of highland and lowland speakers of Binisayang Biliranon","display_name":"Tone and loudness as markers of dialect identity: A sociophonetic comparison of highland and lowland speakers of Binisayang Biliranon","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208823995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2027258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31893/multiscience.2027258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2027258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2027258","pdf_url":"https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/msj/article/download/17325/7367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191509","display_name":"Multidisciplinary Science Journal","issn_l":"2675-1240","issn":["2675-1240"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multidisciplinary Science Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/msj/article/download/17325/7367","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068808692","display_name":"Maribel N. Zipagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-6378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-6378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254907","display_name":"Biliran Province State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cmwmx57","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279390","display_name":"Biliran Province State University-Biliran Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq63k86","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907","https://openalex.org/I4405279390"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maribel N. Zipagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Teacher Education, Biliran Province State University, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-6378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Teacher Education, Biliran Province State University, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907","https://openalex.org/I4405279390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108062617","display_name":"Jeson V. Vi\u00f1as","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-9816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-9816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254907","display_name":"Biliran Province State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cmwmx57","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279390","display_name":"Biliran Province State University-Biliran Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq63k86","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907","https://openalex.org/I4405279390"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeson V. Vi\u00f1as","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Language and Culture, Biliran Province State University, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-9816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Language and Culture, Biliran Province State University, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907","https://openalex.org/I4405279390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150207985","display_name":"Annalou Mascarinas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254907","display_name":"Biliran Province State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cmwmx57","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279390","display_name":"Biliran Province State University-Biliran Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq63k86","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907","https://openalex.org/I4405279390"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annalou Mascarinas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Teacher Education, Biliran Province State University, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Teacher Education, Biliran Province State University, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907","https://openalex.org/I4405279390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150305765","display_name":"Kyla Marie Gutierrez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254907","display_name":"Biliran Province State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cmwmx57","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279390","display_name":"Biliran Province State University-Biliran Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq63k86","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907","https://openalex.org/I4405279390"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyla Marie Gutierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Teacher Education, Biliran Province State University, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Teacher Education, Biliran Province State University, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254907","https://openalex.org/I4405279390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"2027258","last_page":"2027258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.23360000550746918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"tone","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loudness","display_name":"loudness","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch","display_name":"pitch","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocal-intensity","display_name":"vocal intensity","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosody","display_name":"prosody","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialect-identity","display_name":"dialect identity","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociophonetic-variation","display_name":"sociophonetic variation","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79018884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622324","display_name":"Loudness","level":2,"score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6412000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43803900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170412","display_name":"Melody","level":3,"score":0.574400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.4713999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137584468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35395","display_name":"Phonetics","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173988693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q678132","display_name":"Phonation","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776141515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274479","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779881370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383340","display_name":"Speech community","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31893/multiscience.2027258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2027258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2027258","pdf_url":"https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/msj/article/download/17325/7367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191509","display_name":"Multidisciplinary Science Journal","issn_l":"2675-1240","issn":["2675-1240"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multidisciplinary Science Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31893/multiscience.2027258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2027258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2027258","pdf_url":"https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/msj/article/download/17325/7367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191509","display_name":"Multidisciplinary Science Journal","issn_l":"2675-1240","issn":["2675-1240"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multidisciplinary Science Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208823995.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208823995.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W397522103","https://openalex.org/W584561297","https://openalex.org/W1588215527","https://openalex.org/W1976725440","https://openalex.org/W2000633092","https://openalex.org/W2002875620","https://openalex.org/W2043916758","https://openalex.org/W2045282267","https://openalex.org/W2056535820","https://openalex.org/W2112101928","https://openalex.org/W2145489294","https://openalex.org/W2789625450","https://openalex.org/W2791563047","https://openalex.org/W4220998357","https://openalex.org/W4243154296","https://openalex.org/W4245744384","https://openalex.org/W4251603968","https://openalex.org/W4255476928","https://openalex.org/W4388152980","https://openalex.org/W4392159229","https://openalex.org/W4402452771","https://openalex.org/W4403509118","https://openalex.org/W4411668552","https://openalex.org/W4412015257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280535761","https://openalex.org/W2043916758","https://openalex.org/W7216421020","https://openalex.org/W2024494319","https://openalex.org/W2808704440","https://openalex.org/W1987498623","https://openalex.org/W3083055846","https://openalex.org/W200941853","https://openalex.org/W4214733492","https://openalex.org/W4408386500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prosody,":[0],"encompassing":[1],"the":[2,39],"rhythmic":[3],"and":[4,19,25,33,61,67,90,102,108,118,134,182,219,227,240,254,263,269,274],"melodic":[5],"aspects":[6],"of":[7,31,42,233],"speech,":[8],"plays":[9],"a":[10,45,74],"central":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,49,56,59,70,115,168,179,185],"conveying":[14],"meaning":[15],"beyond":[16],"lexical":[17],"content,":[18],"suprasegmental":[20],"features":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,29,230,258,260],"pitch":[24,127,186,226],"loudness":[26,62,176],"can":[27],"serve":[28],"markers":[30,232],"social":[32],"regional":[34],"variation.":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37],"investigated":[38],"prosodic":[40,211],"characteristics":[41],"Binisayang":[43],"Biliranon,":[44],"Visayan":[46,256],"dialect":[47],"spoken":[48],"Biliran":[50],"Province,":[51],"Philippines,":[52],"focusing":[53],"on":[54,272,277],"differences":[55,114],"tone":[57,117],"(F0":[58],"Hz)":[60,133,194],"(dB":[63],"SPL)":[64],"between":[65],"highland":[66],"lowland":[68],"communities":[69],"Almeria,":[71],"Biliran.":[72],"Using":[73],"comparative":[75],"descriptive":[76],"design,":[77],"speech":[78,136],"data":[79],"were":[80],"collected":[81],"from":[82],"60":[83],"male":[84],"participants":[85],"through":[86],"structured":[87],"reading":[88,121],"tasks":[89],"spontaneous":[91,169],"personal":[92,170],"reaction":[93],"prompts.":[94],"Acoustic":[95],"analyses":[96],"conducted":[97],"with":[98],"PRAAT":[99],"measured":[100],"F0":[101,130,153],"intensity,":[103],"normalized":[104],"for":[105],"microphone":[106],"gain":[107],"distance.":[109],"Results":[110],"revealed":[111],"statistically":[112],"significant":[113],"both":[116],"loudness:":[119],"during":[120],"tasks,":[122],"Highland":[123,197],"speakers":[124,150,173,198],"produced":[125],"higher":[126,175],"(overall":[128,151],"mean":[129,152],"=":[131,154],"752.42":[132,201],"louder":[135],"(Reading":[137],"Statement":[138,143,158,163],"1:":[139,159],"66.08":[140],"dB;":[141,161],"Reading":[142,157,162],"2:":[144,164],"68.50":[145],"dB)":[146],"compared":[147,195],"to":[148,196,247,266],"Lowland":[149,172],"726.98":[155,189],"Hz;":[156,190,202],"63.78":[160],"64.71":[165],"dB),":[166],"whereas":[167],"reactions,":[171],"exhibited":[174],"(70.78":[177],"dB":[178],"happy/excited":[180],"reactions)":[181],"greater":[183],"variability":[184],"(highest":[187,199],"tone:":[188,192,200,204],"lowest":[191,203],"71.39":[193],"59.23":[205],"Hz).":[206],"These":[207],"results":[208],"indicate":[209],"that":[210,225],"variation":[212],"is":[213],"context-dependent,":[214],"influenced":[215],"by":[216,237],"communicative":[217],"goals":[218],"community":[220],"affiliation.":[221],"The":[222],"findings":[223],"suggest":[224],"intensity":[228],"function":[229],"salient":[231],"intra-dialectal":[234],"identity,":[235],"shaped":[236],"social,":[238],"geographic,":[239],"environmental":[241],"factors.":[242],"Future":[243],"studies":[244],"are":[245],"recommended":[246],"incorporate":[248],"female":[249],"speakers,":[250],"additional":[251],"age":[252],"groups,":[253],"other":[255],"dialects,":[257],"well":[259],"acoustic":[261],"modeling":[262],"perception":[264],"analyses,":[265],"explore":[267],"cross-dialectal":[268],"ecological":[270],"influences":[271],"prosody":[273],"their":[275],"effects":[276],"listener":[278],"comprehension.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-06T00:00:00"}