{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208820798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","title":"Comparative assessment of green extraction routes and chitosan nanoparticles of Salvia hispanica L. seed extracts as antimicrobial agents against Klebsiella pneumoniae","display_name":"Comparative assessment of green extraction routes and chitosan nanoparticles of Salvia hispanica L. seed extracts as antimicrobial agents against Klebsiella pneumoniae","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208820798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-65005-6_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-65005-6_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023399623","display_name":"Ayman Daifallah Ismail Alsheikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-1178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-1178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayman Alsheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-1178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013385681","display_name":"Iman A. Mansi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-5446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-5446"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman A. Mansi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-5446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150193300","display_name":"Mohammad Abu Alees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3091-0165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3091-0165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Abu Alees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3091-0165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076200101","display_name":"Hafez Al-Momani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-0811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-0811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafez Al-momani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-0811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135602815","display_name":"Esra\u2019a Al-Trad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-1643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-1643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31079310","display_name":"Al al-Bayt University","ror":"https://ror.org/028jh2126","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31079310"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esra\u00e1 Al-Trad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Al-Albayt University, P.O box 25113, Mafraq, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-1643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Al-Albayt University, P.O box 25113, Mafraq, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31079310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150155227","display_name":"Heba Mohamed Gaber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5513-4391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5513-4391"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heba Mohamed Gaber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5513-4391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092618497","display_name":"Montasir Al-Mansi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-8366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-8366"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montasir Al-Mansi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aqaba Medical Sciences University (AMSU), P.O box 77110, Aqaba, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-8366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aqaba Medical Sciences University (AMSU), P.O box 77110, Aqaba, Jordan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117396066","display_name":"Yaqeen Rjoub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2386-9392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2386-9392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145380033","display_name":"Amman Arab University","ror":"https://ror.org/039xekb14","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145380033"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqeen Rjoub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2386-9392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145380033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030199783","display_name":"Mohammad A. A. Al\u2010Najjar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-6902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-6902"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146367977","display_name":"Applied Science Private University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ah6nb52","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146367977"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Al-Najjar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of pharmaceutical sciences and pharmaceutics. Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-6902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of pharmaceutical sciences and pharmaceutics. Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146367977"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150243386","display_name":"Ala Almehsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6163-3575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6163-3575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ala Almehsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6163-3575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023399623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54583676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.8647000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.8647000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.12680000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chia-seeds","display_name":"Salvia hispanica","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chitosan-nanoparticles","display_name":"chitosan nanoparticles","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klebsiella-pneumoniae","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-activity","display_name":"antimicrobial activity","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-eutectic-solvents","display_name":"deep eutectic solvents","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-extraction","display_name":"green extraction","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvent-extraction-comparison","display_name":"solvent extraction comparison","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soxhlet-extraction","display_name":"Soxhlet extraction","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoencapsulation","display_name":"nanoencapsulation","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-synergy","display_name":"antibiotic synergy","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amoxicillin","display_name":"amoxicillin","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistant-bacteria","display_name":"multidrug-resistant bacteria","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-inhibitory-concentration","display_name":"minimum inhibitory concentration","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-stability","display_name":"nanoparticle stability","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-extracts","display_name":"plant extracts","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.8113999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777058267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132592","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","level":4,"score":0.781499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176947019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597889","display_name":"Minimum inhibitory concentration","level":3,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.5773000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86181022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196823","display_name":"Zeta potential","level":3,"score":0.5501000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780950330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903614","display_name":"Broth microdilution","level":4,"score":0.5164999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779732960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408510","display_name":"Chitosan","level":2,"score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26381139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1158816","display_name":"Minimum bactericidal concentration","level":4,"score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31499863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905762","display_name":"Silver nanoparticle","level":3,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779054382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72185287","display_name":"Flavonoid","level":3,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019249092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274493","display_name":"Antibacterial agent","level":3,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780471494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505","display_name":"Solvent","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-65005-6_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-65005-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-65005-6_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326306","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208820798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208820798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996507836","https://openalex.org/W3042746350","https://openalex.org/W3046176547","https://openalex.org/W3119142268","https://openalex.org/W3171897598","https://openalex.org/W3207844981","https://openalex.org/W4206677002","https://openalex.org/W4313442585","https://openalex.org/W4387600546","https://openalex.org/W4392101175","https://openalex.org/W4402557213","https://openalex.org/W4408095859","https://openalex.org/W4412765614","https://openalex.org/W4416460038","https://openalex.org/W7124268530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7218034079","https://openalex.org/W4386333112","https://openalex.org/W3039730712","https://openalex.org/W7124702715","https://openalex.org/W2800782536","https://openalex.org/W7111635459","https://openalex.org/W4395676737","https://openalex.org/W7217504222","https://openalex.org/W7155028477","https://openalex.org/W4401645659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Antimicrobial":[1],"resistance":[2],"(AMR)":[3],"is":[4,400],"a":[5,48,389],"fast-rising":[6],"global":[7],"health":[8],"issue":[9],"that":[10,216,244],"requires":[11],"the":[12,40,60,81,127,148,164,175,181,192,209,220,255,361,382,393],"urgent":[13],"discovery":[14],"of":[15,63,83,363,365,381,395],"new":[16],"antimicrobial":[17,61,369],"compounds.":[18],"Plant":[19],"extracts,":[20,125,276,307],"including":[21,112],"those":[22],"from":[23],"Salvia":[24],"hispanica":[25,67],"L.":[26],"seeds,":[27],"have":[28],"shown":[29],"great":[30],"antibacterial":[31,271,356],"and":[32,46,91,118,126,140,234,329,342,348,355,406],"free-radical":[33],"scavenging":[34],"capacities.":[35],"When":[36],"formulated":[37,375],"with":[38,96,124,159,172,174,206,250,323,371,386],"nanoparticles,":[39,90],"extracts":[41,246,265,311,328,364],"can":[42],"enhance":[43],"biological":[44],"activity":[45,144,257,302,373],"provide":[47],"future":[49],"alternative":[50],"to":[51,58,298,392,402],"conventional":[52,97],"antibiotics.":[53],"The":[54,358,378],"current":[55],"study":[56,359],"aims":[57],"determine":[59],"activities":[62,85],"chia":[64,366],"seed":[65,105],"(Salvia":[66],"L.)":[68],"dry":[69],"extract":[70,253,341,383],"against":[71,100,153],"multidrug-resistant":[72],"(MDR)":[73],"Klebsiella":[74,101,154],"pneumoniae":[75,102,155],"ATCC":[76,103],"700,603":[77],"bacterial":[78],"strains,":[79],"assess":[80],"enhancement":[82],"these":[84],"upon":[86],"its":[87,93],"incorporation":[88],"into":[89,376],"investigate":[92],"synergistic":[94,379],"interactions":[95,322],"antibiotic":[98,396],"(Amoxicillin)":[99],"700,603.Chia":[104],"extraction":[106,190,346],"was":[107,145,336],"performed":[108],"using":[109,132,163],"different":[110],"solvents,":[111],"cold":[113],"hexane,":[114,116],"Soxhlet":[115,189],"eutectic,":[117],"ethanol.":[119],"Chitosan":[120],"nanoparticles":[121,129,218,330],"were":[122,130,161,219,266],"loaded":[123,128],"characterized":[131],"UV":[133],"spectroscopy,":[134],"Fourier":[135],"transform":[136],"infrared":[137],"spectroscopy":[138],"(FTIR),":[139],"Zeta":[141],"potential.":[142],"Antibacterial":[143,241],"quantified":[146],"by":[147],"minimum":[149],"inhibitory":[150],"concentration":[151],"(MIC)":[152],".":[156],"Synergistic":[157],"effects":[158],"antibiotics":[160,387],"analyzed":[162],"checkerboard":[165],"microdilution":[166],"assay.":[167],"Extraction":[168],"efficiency":[169],"varied":[170,247],"significantly":[171,350],"method,":[173],"deep":[176],"eutectic":[177,264],"solvent":[178],"(DES)":[179],"yielding":[180],"highest":[182,210],"percentage":[183],"recovery":[184],"(44.6":[185],"\u00b1":[186,223,260,282],"0.9%),":[187],"while":[188,263,308],"produced":[191],"greatest":[193],"absolute":[194],"oil":[195],"mass":[196],"(15.446":[197],"g).":[198],"Residual":[199],"re-extraction":[200],"confirmed":[201],"significant":[202],"differences":[203],"among":[204],"methods,":[205],"DES":[207,275],"leaving":[208],"recoverable":[211],"residues.":[212],"Nanoparticle":[213],"characterization":[214],"revealed":[215],"Soxhlet-derived":[217],"smallest":[221],"(190.9":[222],"2.9":[224],"nm),":[225],"whereas":[226,285],"DES-loaded":[227],"systems":[228],"exhibited":[229],"larger":[230],"size,":[231],"higher":[232],"polydispersity,":[233],"lower":[235],"surface":[236],"charge,":[237],"indicating":[238],"reduced":[239,315],"stability.":[240],"testing":[242],"demonstrated":[243],"crude":[245,327],"in":[248,301],"efficacy,":[249],"ethanolic":[251,339],"cold-hexane":[252,340],"showing":[254],"strongest":[256],"(MIC":[258,280],"1.00":[259],"0.10":[261],"mg/mL),":[262,284],"less":[267],"active.":[268],"Nanoencapsulation":[269],"enhanced":[270],"performance,":[272],"particularly":[273],"for":[274,305,325,338],"which":[277],"improved":[278,372],"markedly":[279],"0.50":[281],"0.02":[283],"most":[286],"nanoparticle":[287],"formulations":[288],"converged":[289],"around":[290],"~":[291,332],"2":[292],"mg/mL.":[293],"Comparative":[294],"analysis":[295],"showed":[296,312],"up":[297],"20\u201325-fold":[299],"improvement":[300],"after":[303],"encapsulation":[304],"weaker":[306],"highly":[309],"active":[310],"limited":[313],"or":[314],"benefit.":[316],"Checkerboard":[317],"assays":[318],"indicated":[319],"predominantly":[320],"additive":[321],"amoxicillin":[324],"both":[326,352],"(FICI":[331],"0.59\u20131.02),":[333],"although":[334],"antagonism":[335],"observed":[337],"empty":[343],"nanoparticles.":[344,377],"Overall,":[345],"method":[347],"nanoencapsulation":[349],"influenced":[351],"physicochemical":[353],"properties":[354],"performance.":[357],"highlights":[360],"potential":[362,390],"seeds":[367],"as":[368],"agents,":[370],"when":[374,384],"action":[380],"combined":[385],"provides":[388],"solution":[391],"problem":[394],"resistance.":[397],"Further":[398],"research":[399],"needed":[401],"explore":[403],"clinical":[404],"applications":[405],"optimize":[407],"nanoparticle-based":[408],"drug":[409],"delivery":[410],"systems.":[411]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-06T00:00:00"}