{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208814725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","title":"Tissue-Specific Bioaccumulation of Zinc, Lead, Copper, Cadmium and Manganese in Clarias gariepinus from Lake Alau, Northeastern Nigeria","display_name":"Tissue-Specific Bioaccumulation of Zinc, Lead, Copper, Cadmium and Manganese in Clarias gariepinus from Lake Alau, Northeastern Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208814725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","pdf_url":"https://africanscholarpub.com/ajsitr/article/download/1556/1388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407044852","display_name":"Journal of Science Innovation and Technology Research","issn_l":"3026-958X","issn":["3026-958X","3027-1169"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Science Innovation and Technology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://africanscholarpub.com/ajsitr/article/download/1556/1388","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113314764","display_name":"Salwa Mahmoud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salwa Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemistry Department, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemistry Department, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128031561","display_name":"ARTIMAS PWAKANGDI SUSAN","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artimas Pwakangdi Susan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Chemistry), Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Chemistry), Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041859353","display_name":"Lawrence Luka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2358-7805","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2358-7805"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Luka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemistry Department, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemistry Department, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.913100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.913100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.08110000193119049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-bioaccumulation","display_name":"heavy metal bioaccumulation","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clarias-gariepinus","display_name":"Clarias gariepinus","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"copper","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese","display_name":"manganese","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gill","display_name":"gill","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver","display_name":"liver","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle","display_name":"muscle","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freshwater-pollution","display_name":"freshwater pollution","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artisanal-fisheries","display_name":"small-scale fisheries","score":0.621999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71572567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864231","display_name":"Bioaccumulation","level":2,"score":0.8931000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.8456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780761129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387344","display_name":"Clarias gariepinus","level":4,"score":0.8216000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161153951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132390","display_name":"Gill","level":3,"score":0.7275000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.690500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176585087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864438","display_name":"Bioindicator","level":2,"score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.48669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158278297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756633","display_name":"Aquatic animal","level":3,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528890316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q731","display_name":"Manganese","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777777548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206040","display_name":"Mercury (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797559","display_name":"Muscle tissue","level":2,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33619061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655346","display_name":"Atomic absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61952481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904036","display_name":"Bioconcentration","level":3,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175327387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3289906","display_name":"Aquatic ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115346097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412144","display_name":"Ecotoxicology","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072742","display_name":"Freshwater fish","level":3,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8139548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304799","display_name":"Biomagnification","level":3,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778566039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7831165","display_name":"Trace metal","level":3,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","pdf_url":"https://africanscholarpub.com/ajsitr/article/download/1556/1388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407044852","display_name":"Journal of Science Innovation and Technology Research","issn_l":"3026-958X","issn":["3026-958X","3027-1169"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Science Innovation and Technology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.africanscholarpub.com:article/1556","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://africanscholarpub.com/ajsitr/article/view/1556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407044852","display_name":"Journal of Science Innovation and Technology Research","issn_l":"3026-958X","issn":["3026-958X","3027-1169"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3027-1169","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajsitr.v13i9.082","pdf_url":"https://africanscholarpub.com/ajsitr/article/download/1556/1388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407044852","display_name":"Journal of Science Innovation and Technology Research","issn_l":"3026-958X","issn":["3026-958X","3027-1169"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Science Innovation and Technology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208814725.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208814725.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035791547","https://openalex.org/W2154214139","https://openalex.org/W2919629449","https://openalex.org/W4379538350","https://openalex.org/W4390894467","https://openalex.org/W4393970500","https://openalex.org/W4402625760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403181111","https://openalex.org/W7171818886","https://openalex.org/W1989925238","https://openalex.org/W4408071260","https://openalex.org/W2572719257","https://openalex.org/W4406714449","https://openalex.org/W2262625035","https://openalex.org/W2398007715","https://openalex.org/W2181702952","https://openalex.org/W4396895978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heavy":[0],"metal":[1,75,115,139,239,255,278],"contamination":[2],"of":[3,21,30,49,98,105,138,237],"freshwater":[4],"ecosystems":[5],"poses":[6],"significant":[7,111,216],"ecological":[8],"and":[9,18,39,46,62,73,95,128,177,190,244,260,273],"public":[10],"health":[11,207,272],"concerns":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,254,268],"the":[15,27,43,118,121,126,184,194,199,250],"persistence,":[16],"toxicity,":[17],"bioaccumulative":[19],"nature":[20],"these":[22],"pollutants.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25],"investigated":[26],"tissue-specific":[28,112],"bioaccumulation":[29],"zinc":[31],"(Zn),":[32],"lead":[33,189],"(Pb),":[34],"copper":[35],"(Cu),":[36],"cadmium":[37,191],"(Cd),":[38],"manganese":[40],"(Mn)":[41],"in":[42,114,157,193,241],"gills,":[44],"liver,":[45],"muscle":[47,196],"tissues":[48,159,197,222],"Clarias":[50],"gariepinus":[51,232],"collected":[52],"from":[53,70,276],"Lake":[54,242],"Alau,":[55],"Borno":[56],"State,":[57],"Nigeria,":[58],"between":[59],"January":[60],"2025":[61],"June":[63],"2026.":[64],"Fish":[65],"samples":[66],"were":[67,77,90,160],"obtained":[68],"monthly":[69],"artisanal":[71],"fishermen,":[72],"heavy":[74,238,277],"concentrations":[76,152,192],"determined":[78],"using":[79,92],"Flame":[80],"Atomic":[81],"Absorption":[82],"Spectrophotometry":[83],"(FAAS)":[84],"following":[85],"acid":[86],"digestion.":[87],"The":[88,135,227],"data":[89],"analyzed":[91],"descriptive":[93],"statistics":[94],"one-way":[96],"analysis":[97],"variance":[99],"(ANOVA)":[100],"at":[101],"a":[102],"significance":[103],"level":[104],"P":[106],"<":[107,219],"0.05.":[108],"Results":[109],"revealed":[110],"variations":[113],"accumulation,":[116],"with":[117,210],"liver":[119,158],"recording":[120],"highest":[122],"concentrations,":[123],"followed":[124],"by":[125,203],"gills":[127],"muscles":[129],"(Liver":[130],">":[131,133,143,145,147,149],"Gills":[132],"Muscle).":[134],"overall":[136],"order":[137],"abundance":[140],"was":[141,183],"Zn":[142,161],"Mn":[144,178],"Cu":[146,169],"Cd":[148,173],"Pb.":[150],"Mean":[151],"(mg":[153],"kg\u207b\u00b9":[154],"wet":[155],"weight)":[156],"(0.49":[162],"\u00b1":[163,167,171,175,180],"0.05),":[164,172],"Pb":[165],"(0.30":[166],"0.03),":[168,176],"(0.45":[170],"(0.31":[174],"(0.46":[179],"0.05).":[181],"Zinc":[182],"predominant":[185],"essential":[186],"metal,":[187],"whereas":[188],"edible":[195],"exceeded":[198],"permissible":[200],"limits":[201],"recommended":[202,267],"WHO/FAO,":[204],"indicating":[205],"potential":[206],"risks":[208],"associated":[209],"fish":[211],"consumption.":[212],"One-way":[213],"ANOVA":[214],"showed":[215],"differences":[217],"(P":[218],"0.001)":[220],"among":[221],"for":[223],"all":[224],"metals":[225],"analyzed.":[226],"findings":[228],"demonstrate":[229],"that":[230,246],"C.":[231],"is":[233],"an":[234],"effective":[235,261],"bioindicator":[236],"pollution":[240,262],"Alau":[243],"suggest":[245],"anthropogenic":[247],"activities":[248],"within":[249],"lake":[251],"catchment":[252],"contribute":[253],"contamination.":[256],"Continuous":[257],"environmental":[258],"monitoring":[259],"control":[263],"measures":[264],"are":[265],"therefore":[266],"safeguard":[269],"aquatic":[270],"ecosystem":[271],"protect":[274],"consumers":[275],"exposure.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-06T00:00:00"}
