{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208810590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x5bn4k","title":"ECOCIDE: Quantifying War-Time Environmental Damage: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Kakhovka Dam Destruction","display_name":"ECOCIDE: Quantifying War-Time Environmental Damage: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Kakhovka Dam Destruction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208810590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x5bn4k"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31223/x5bn4k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x5bn4k","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x5bn4k","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x5bn4k","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115625434","display_name":"Sakshi Maske","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5683-5966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5683-5966"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"SAKSHI MASKE","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5683-5966","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115625434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14372","display_name":"Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14372","display_name":"Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11755","display_name":"Transboundary Water Resource Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12965","display_name":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecocide","display_name":"ecocide","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"NDVI","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-loss","display_name":"vegetation loss","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rome-statute-amendments","display_name":"Rome Statute amendments","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-criminal-law","display_name":"international criminal law","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-remote-sensing","display_name":"satellite remote sensing","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/difference-in-differences","display_name":"difference-in-differences","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo-tests","display_name":"placebo tests","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactuals","display_name":"counterfactuals","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kherson-region","display_name":"Kherson region","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-inundation-area","display_name":"flood inundation area","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russia-ukraine-war","display_name":"Russian invasion of Ukraine","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steppe","display_name":"steppe","score":0.3240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198428699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334780","display_name":"Environmental degradation","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105895522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123991","display_name":"Steppe","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31223/x5bn4k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x5bn4k","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x5bn4k","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:EA:id:14827","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eartharxiv.org/repository/object/14827/download/25775/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402614","display_name":"EarthArXiv (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EarthArXiv","raw_type":"PREPRINTS"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31223/x5bn4k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x5bn4k","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x5bn4k","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7011533687","https://openalex.org/W4399793416","https://openalex.org/W4405187098","https://openalex.org/W7154716136","https://openalex.org/W7223214094","https://openalex.org/W7161966744","https://openalex.org/W7215004045","https://openalex.org/W4408399311","https://openalex.org/W7153790146","https://openalex.org/W7214353442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"International":[1],"law":[2],"organisations":[3],"are":[4,56,72,134,156],"actively":[5],"looking":[6],"into":[7],"declaring":[8],"\"ecocide\"":[9],"--":[10,14],"mass":[11],"environmental":[12,54,69,416],"destruction":[13,96],"as":[15,223,256,334],"a":[16,29,47,101,117,125,195,201,208,224,227,285,291,302,335,348,354,372,386,414],"prosecutable":[17],"international":[18],"crime":[19],"and":[20,26,74,99,146,237,345,347],"in":[21,114,131,172,294,315,323,353],"September":[22],"2024,":[23],"Vanuatu,":[24],"Fiji":[25],"Samoa":[27],"submitted":[28],"proposed":[30],"amendment":[31],"to":[32,44,84,106,169,301,310],"Rome":[33],"Statute.":[34],"No":[35],"consistent,":[36],"statistically":[37,165],"sound":[38],"method":[39],"yet":[40],"has":[41,191,407],"been":[42,192,410],"developed":[43],"document":[45],"such":[46],"claim":[48],"of":[49,68,79,92,104,128,140,219,239,307,318,413],"harm,":[50],"however,":[51],"because":[52],"prior":[53,309],"trends":[55],"not":[57,158,251],"easily":[58],"differentiated":[59],"from":[60,392],"harm":[61],"caused":[62,174],"by":[63,121,160,175,194],"conflict,":[64,123],"existing":[65,427,443],"satellite-based":[66,415],"assessments":[67],"war":[70],"damage":[71],"qualitative":[73,420,428],"based":[75,199,433],"on":[76,97,136,200,284,434],"visual":[77],"interpretations":[78],"images.":[80],"In":[81,264],"an":[82,257],"attempt":[83],"fill":[85],"this":[86,267,299,404],"gap,":[87],"I":[88,211,254,273,277,331,337,359,369,400],"estimate":[89],"the":[90,93,122,137,141,150,161,170,176,205,213,217,220,240,247,281,295,311,326,357,361,365,393,411,426,440,442],"impact":[91],"Kakhovka":[94],"Dam's":[95],"Ukraine":[98],"employ":[100],"causal-inference":[102,422],"framework":[103],"Difference-in-Differences":[105],"those":[107],"data.":[108],"The":[109,189],"design":[110],"compares":[111],"monthly":[112],"NDVI":[113],"Kherson":[115],"Oblast,":[116],"region":[118],"generally":[119],"affected":[120,159],"against":[124],"\"control\"":[126],"panel":[127,222],"four":[129,241],"counties":[130],"Romania":[132],"which":[133,155,253,330,406],"comparable":[135],"pre-conflict":[138],"ecology":[139],"river":[142],"deltas,":[143],"steppe":[144],"regions,":[145],"coastal":[147],"areas":[148],"along":[149],"Danube/Black":[151],"Sea":[152],"corridor":[153],"but":[154,298],"indeed":[157],"conflict.":[162],"It":[163],"is":[164,290,375,390],"significant":[166,292],"with":[167,430],"respect":[168],"decrease":[171],"vegetation":[173],"event":[177,282,362],"(coefficient":[178,230],"=":[179,186,231,235],"\u22120.0703,":[180],"95%":[181],"CI":[182],"[\u22120.130,":[183],"\u22120.010];":[184],"p":[185,234],"0.022":[187],"[HAC-robust]).":[188],"result":[190,229],"confirmed":[193],"clean":[196],"placebo-control":[197],"test":[198],"counterfactual":[202],"date":[203],"preceding":[204],"event.":[206],"As":[207],"robustness":[209],"check,":[210],"run":[212,360],"same":[214],"analysis":[215],"at":[216,377],"level":[218],"4-county":[221],"whole,":[225],"obtaining":[226],"similar":[228,349],"\u22120.0600,":[232],"HAC":[233],"0.029),":[236],"three":[238],"controls":[242],"individually":[243],"reproduce":[244],"it,":[245],"while":[246],"fourth,":[248],"Constan\u021ba,":[249],"does":[250],"\u2014":[252,437],"report":[255,332],"open":[258],"question":[259],"rather":[260,342],"than":[261,343],"resolve":[262],"away.":[263],"addition,":[265],"there's":[266],"very":[268],"real":[269],"methodological":[270],"challenge":[271,350],"that":[272,288,371,402],"didn't":[274],"anticipate,":[275],"where":[276,314,368],"find":[278,370],"after":[279],"running":[280],"study":[283,363],"quarterly":[286],"basis":[287],"there":[289],"effect":[293],"pre-treatment":[296],"quarter,":[297],"relates":[300],"banally":[303],"acknowledged":[304],"'conflict":[305],"status'":[306],"conflict":[308,324],"dam's":[312],"destruction,":[313],"fact":[316],"lots":[317],"territory":[319],"was":[320],"already":[321],"involved":[322],"when":[325],"dam":[327],"went":[328],"up,":[329],"openly":[333],"specification":[336],"know":[338],"I'm":[339],"dealing":[340],"with,":[341],"hide":[344],"ignore,":[346],"shows":[351],"up":[352],"different":[355],"variant":[356],"moment":[358],"for":[364,385,403,447],"four-county":[366],"panel,":[367],"cluster-robust":[373],"inference":[374],"problematic":[376],"five":[378],"clusters.":[379],"An":[380],"independent":[381],"verified":[382],"flood":[383,387,396],"extent":[384,397],"rise-peak-recession":[388],"cycle":[389],"obtained":[391],"multi-sensor":[394],"validated":[395],"data":[398],"(UNOSAT).":[399],"demonstrate":[401],"event,":[405],"never":[408],"before":[409],"subject":[412],"war-damage":[417],"assessment":[418],"beyond":[419],"measures,":[421],"methods":[423],"can":[424],"supplement":[425],"approach":[429],"quantitative":[431],"measures":[432],"statistical":[435],"significance":[436],"directly":[438],"answering":[439],"call":[441],"literature":[444],"itself":[445],"makes":[446],"future":[448],"research.":[449]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-06T00:00:00"}
