{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208794436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18111777","title":"Dark Matter as the Z2 Partner of the Standard Model Higgs Boson","display_name":"Dark Matter as the Z2 Partner of the Standard Model Higgs Boson","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208794436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18111777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym18111777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18111777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18111777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18111777","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143739809","display_name":"Yasunori Nomura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-1479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-1479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166644833","display_name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe","ror":"https://ror.org/02chw6z69","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I4405286593","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259317","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/022hvg611","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4405259317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yasunori Nomura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan","Leinweber Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","RIKEN Center for Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan","Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-1479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leinweber Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5143739809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I4405259317","https://openalex.org/I74801974","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64439436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"11","first_page":"1777","last_page":"1777"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.011900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10921","display_name":"Neutrino Physics Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-matter","display_name":"dark matter","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/z2-symmetry","display_name":"Z2 symmetry","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higgs-doublet","display_name":"Higgs doublet","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-relic-dark-matter","display_name":"thermal dark matter","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lux-zeplin","display_name":"LUX-ZEPLIN","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-recoil","display_name":"nuclear recoil","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annual-modulation","display_name":"annual modulation","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-matter-particle-mass","display_name":"dark matter mass","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9312000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17863212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466416","display_name":"Electroweak interaction","level":2,"score":0.774399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159249277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925","display_name":"Dark matter","level":2,"score":0.7251999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101454708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106019","display_name":"Standard Model (mathematical formulation)","level":3,"score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.708299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402","display_name":"Higgs boson","level":2,"score":0.6992999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184748400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599934","display_name":"Physics beyond the Standard Model","level":2,"score":0.4772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57691317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289248","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204795200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903282","display_name":"Symmetry breaking","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79118098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43101","display_name":"Boson","level":2,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102999125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43116","display_name":"Elementary particle","level":2,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78470386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129252","display_name":"Weakly interacting massive particles","level":5,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110521144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193460","display_name":"Scalar field","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66157390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429682","display_name":"Scalar field dark matter","level":4,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141368696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2750336","display_name":"Scalar boson","level":3,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26495451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546165","display_name":"Light dark matter","level":5,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777990283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754377","display_name":"Higgs sector","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103193775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339405","display_name":"Sterile neutrino","level":4,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155700901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2563571","display_name":"Vector boson","level":3,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150522085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382037","display_name":"Grand Unified Theory","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201941533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188721","display_name":"Annihilation","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27243311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16919810","display_name":"Hidden sector","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym18111777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18111777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18111777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.02505","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02505","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.02505","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.02505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.02505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.02505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym18111777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18111777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18111777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1286236842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3083819904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3750846812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP25K00997","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G419881185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC02\u201305CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G42916606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE AC02 05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4501827968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G498139845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G543303420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0019380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337511","funder_display_name":"High Energy Physics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6306315162","display_name":"THE GEOMETRY AND FLOW OF QUANTUM INFORMATION: FROM QUANTUM GRAVITY TO QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY","funder_award_id":"DESC0019380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G638836682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652958823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6893880022","display_name":"\u7406\u7814-\u30d0\u30fc\u30af\u30ec\u30fc \u6570\u7406\u91cf\u5b50\u79d1\u5b66\u30a4\u30cb\u30b7\u30a2\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6","funder_award_id":"JPMJAP2318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6902702339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G759921648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC02--05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337511","funder_display_name":"High Energy Physics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G969889393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337511","display_name":"High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/035m6g344"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208794436.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208794436.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2411301093","https://openalex.org/W3021941945","https://openalex.org/W2950907673","https://openalex.org/W2003335371","https://openalex.org/W3162889436","https://openalex.org/W4237349105","https://openalex.org/W7151928109","https://openalex.org/W1597140193","https://openalex.org/W2223415574","https://openalex.org/W7206208930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"possible":[1,198],"gamma-ray":[2],"excess":[3],"from":[4],"the":[5,63,67,75,89,96,106,113,122,145,156,161,171,180,187,191,201],"Galactic":[6,202],"halo":[7,203],"favors":[8],"dark":[9,61,184],"matter":[10,62,185],"with":[11,155,170],"a":[12,29,80,117,126,131],"mass":[13,147],"of":[14,66,102,182,190],"several":[15,103],"hundred":[16,104],"GeV.":[17],"In":[18],"previous":[19],"work,":[20],"we":[21],"found":[22],"that":[23,44,74],"an":[24,53],"electroweak":[25],"scalar":[26],"doublet":[27],"is":[28,49],"particularly":[30],"economical\u2014and":[31],"nearly":[32],"uniquely":[33],"selected\u2014interpretation":[34],"among":[35],"simple":[36],"renormalizable":[37],"thermal":[38],"dark-matter":[39,100],"models.":[40],"We":[41,84],"point":[42],"out":[43],"its":[45,197],"unbroken":[46],"Z2":[47,188],"symmetry":[48,55],"exactly":[50],"equivalent":[51],"to":[52,88,200],"interchange":[54],"between":[56],"two":[57,76],"Higgs":[58,70,194],"doublets,":[59],"making":[60],"Z2-odd":[64],"partner":[65,189],"Standard":[68,133,192],"Model":[69,193],"boson":[71,195],"and":[72,165],"suggesting":[73],"doublets":[77],"may":[78,166],"share":[79],"common":[81],"weak-scale":[82],"origin.":[83],"connect":[85],"this":[86,141],"model":[87],"recently":[90],"reported":[91],"248keV":[92],"nuclear-recoil":[93],"event":[94],"in":[95,144],"LUX-ZEPLIN":[97],"experiment.":[98],"For":[99],"masses":[101],"GeV,":[105],"fixed":[107],"off-diagonal":[108],"Z":[109],"interaction":[110],"can":[111],"produce":[112],"observed":[114],"recoil":[115],"within":[116],"narrow,":[118],"halo-dependent":[119],"strip":[120],"near":[121],"kinematic":[123],"boundary,":[124],"predicting":[125],"large":[127],"annual":[128],"modulation":[129],"for":[130],"smooth":[132],"Halo":[134],"Model.":[135],"Dedicated":[136],"solar-capture":[137],"calculations,":[138],"however,":[139],"exclude":[140],"Standard-Halo":[142],"interpretation":[143],"thermal-relic":[146],"range.":[148],"An":[149],"enhanced":[150],"high-velocity":[151],"tail,":[152],"potentially":[153],"associated":[154],"Large":[157],"Magellanic":[158],"Cloud,":[159],"shifts":[160],"LZ-preferred":[162],"splitting":[163],"upward":[164],"leave":[167],"marginal":[168],"compatibility":[169],"solar-neutrino":[172,175],"constraint.":[173],"The":[174],"constraint":[176],"does":[177],"not":[178],"affect":[179],"identification":[181],"inert-doublet":[183],"as":[186],"or":[196],"connection":[199],"excess.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-09-05T00:00:00"}
