{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208765199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","title":"Climate Change Adaptation Strategies among Smallholder Farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria","display_name":"Climate Change Adaptation Strategies among Smallholder Farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208765199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","pdf_url":"https://africanscholarpub.com/ajbar/article/download/1544/1376","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407044818","display_name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Agricultural Research","issn_l":"3026-8265","issn":["3026-8265","3027-0995"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Agricultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://africanscholarpub.com/ajbar/article/download/1544/1376","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121675773","display_name":"ABDULLAHI YUSUF AGWAI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8294-6451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8294-6451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800437794","display_name":"Federal University Lafia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p5jz112","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800437794"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullahi Yusuf Agwai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography Federal University Lafia Nasarawa State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography Federal University Lafia Nasarawa State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800437794"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008521298","display_name":"Ekpo Abraham Salamatu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6341-9624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6341-9624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekpo Abraham Salamatu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Management Nasarawa State University keffi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Management Nasarawa State University keffi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147738811","display_name":"ADAMU SULEIMAN OGAH","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adamu Suleiman Ogah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography Nasarawa State University Keffi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography Nasarawa State University Keffi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation-strategies","display_name":"adaptation strategies","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-diversification","display_name":"crop diversification","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livelihood-diversification","display_name":"livelihood diversification","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"irrigation","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-harvesting","display_name":"water harvesting","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-and-water-conservation","display_name":"soil and water conservation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factors-influencing-adaptation","display_name":"factors influencing adaptation","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farming-experience","display_name":"farming experience","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-size","display_name":"farm size","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-capacity","display_name":"adaptive capacity","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-smart-technologies","display_name":"climate-smart technologies","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasarawa-state","display_name":"Nasarawa State","score":0.8399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.7330999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.6377000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6176000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22344907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4693955","display_name":"Agricultural diversification","level":3,"score":0.6172999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109162521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889669","display_name":"Soil conservation","level":3,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4693964","display_name":"Agricultural extension","level":3,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139134214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3652044","display_name":"Multistage sampling","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778851808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260607","display_name":"Climate change adaptation","level":3,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110158866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462136","display_name":"Water conservation","level":3,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140130429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4439388","display_name":"Conservation agriculture","level":3,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114990195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430548","display_name":"Effects of global warming","level":4,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777006462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3738275","display_name":"Adaptive capacity","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47136581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000047","display_name":"Agricultural machinery","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192489979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502997","display_name":"Systematic sampling","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","pdf_url":"https://africanscholarpub.com/ajbar/article/download/1544/1376","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407044818","display_name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Agricultural Research","issn_l":"3026-8265","issn":["3026-8265","3027-0995"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Agricultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70382/ajbar.v13i1.033","pdf_url":"https://africanscholarpub.com/ajbar/article/download/1544/1376","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407044818","display_name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Agricultural Research","issn_l":"3026-8265","issn":["3026-8265","3027-0995"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Agricultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208765199.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208765199.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7201876581","https://openalex.org/W7125812882","https://openalex.org/W7214012696","https://openalex.org/W7106269042","https://openalex.org/W3196718510","https://openalex.org/W3126447090","https://openalex.org/W7220306358","https://openalex.org/W4413313952","https://openalex.org/W2921165775","https://openalex.org/W2982383573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Climate":[0],"change":[1,20,156],"poses":[2],"significant":[3],"challenges":[4],"to":[5,52,88,181],"smallholder":[6,24,54,148],"farmers":[7,25,55,149],"whose":[8],"agricultural":[9,166],"activities":[10],"depend":[11],"largely":[12],"on":[13,32],"climatic":[14],"conditions.":[15],"This":[16],"study":[17,129,145],"examined":[18],"climate":[19,155],"adaptation":[21,108,157],"strategies":[22,34],"among":[23],"in":[26],"Nasarawa":[27,161],"State,":[28],"Nigeria,":[29],"with":[30],"emphasis":[31],"the":[33,90,104,139,160],"adopted":[35,107],"and":[36,47,78,100,119,121,135,164,177],"factors":[37,141],"influencing":[38,142],"their":[39,152],"adoption.":[40],"A":[41,61],"descriptive":[42],"survey":[43],"design":[44],"was":[45,86],"adopted,":[46],"384":[48],"questionnaires":[49,65],"were":[50,66,74,103,138],"administered":[51],"selected":[53],"using":[56,76],"a":[57,69],"multistage":[58],"sampling":[59],"technique.":[60],"total":[62],"of":[63,114,154],"370":[64],"retrieved,":[67],"representing":[68],"96.4%":[70],"response":[71],"rate.":[72],"Data":[73],"analyzed":[75],"frequencies":[77],"percentages,":[79],"while":[80,116,159],"information":[81],"from":[82],"key":[83],"informant":[84],"interviews":[85],"used":[87],"complement":[89],"quantitative":[91],"findings.":[92],"The":[93,128,144],"major":[94],"finding":[95],"revealed":[96],"that":[97,132,147],"crop":[98],"diversification":[99,102],"livelihood":[101],"most":[105],"commonly":[106],"strategies,":[109,158],"each":[110],"reported":[111],"by":[112],"14%":[113],"respondents,":[115],"irrigation/water":[117],"harvesting":[118],"soil":[120],"water":[122],"conservation":[123],"recorded":[124],"only":[125],"5%":[126],"each.":[127],"also":[130],"found":[131],"farming":[133],"experience":[134],"farm":[136,173],"size":[137],"leading":[140],"adaptation.":[143],"recommends":[146],"should":[150,168],"broaden":[151],"adoption":[153],"State":[162],"Government":[163],"relevant":[165],"agencies":[167],"provide":[169],"extension":[170],"training,":[171],"improved":[172],"inputs,":[174],"irrigation":[175],"facilities":[176],"affordable":[178],"climate-smart":[179],"technologies":[180],"enhance":[182],"farmers'":[183],"adaptive":[184],"capacity.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-05T00:00:00"}
