{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208730724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16110636","title":"In Silico-Guided Screening of a High-Affinity PD-L1 Aptamer for the Construction of a Sensitive Electrochemical Aptasensor","display_name":"In Silico-Guided Screening of a High-Affinity PD-L1 Aptamer for the Construction of a Sensitive Electrochemical Aptasensor","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208730724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16110636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bios16110636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16110636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16110636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150925516","display_name":"Biosensors","issn_l":"2079-6374","issn":["2079-6374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biosensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16110636","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100561031","display_name":"Lin Zha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149412","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/047aw1y82","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150007320","display_name":"Fan Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149412","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/047aw1y82","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161064419","display_name":"Zhongxuan Gui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149412","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/047aw1y82","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxuan Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161108845","display_name":"Haotian Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Sciences and Medical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences and Medical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060328206","display_name":"Xiaofeng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1804-5456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1804-5456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Sciences and Medical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1804-5456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences and Medical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160991271","display_name":"Fan Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136596","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t1yn780","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060328206","https://openalex.org/A5160991271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143","https://openalex.org/I4210136596"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"636","last_page":"636"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-l1","display_name":"PD-L1","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aptamers","display_name":"aptamers","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-aptasensor","display_name":"electrochemical aptasensor","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/label-free-biosensor","display_name":"label-free biosensor","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-graphene-oxide","display_name":"reduced graphene oxide","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-printed-electrodes","display_name":"screen-printed electrodes","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy-monitoring","display_name":"cancer immunotherapy monitoring","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-biopsy","display_name":"liquid biopsy","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint","display_name":"immune checkpoint","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-docking","display_name":"molecular docking","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-secondary-structure-prediction","display_name":"secondary structure prediction","score":0.7919999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128972844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418722","display_name":"Aptamer","level":2,"score":0.9830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.6442999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105289051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930094","display_name":"Pillar","level":2,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282401","display_name":"Analyte","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139369640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474536","display_name":"Amperometry","level":4,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179303850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4300362","display_name":"Molecular recognition","level":3,"score":0.3698999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10349863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553497","display_name":"Linear range","level":3,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","level":4,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22349364","display_name":"Liquid biopsy","level":3,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145169222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9339485","display_name":"Molecular probe","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019816032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340","display_name":"Cancer treatment","level":3,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161624437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988322","display_name":"Small molecule","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103697762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112105","display_name":"Virtual screening","level":3,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188095982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357970","display_name":"Electrochemical gas sensor","level":4,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777002142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5031432","display_name":"Cancer biomarkers","level":3,"score":0.25940001010894775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bios16110636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16110636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16110636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150925516","display_name":"Biosensors","issn_l":"2079-6374","issn":["2079-6374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biosensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7395412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7395412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7395412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bios16110636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16110636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16110636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150925516","display_name":"Biosensors","issn_l":"2079-6374","issn":["2079-6374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biosensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W373626625","https://openalex.org/W2129099356","https://openalex.org/W2606764737","https://openalex.org/W2787506237","https://openalex.org/W2968562468","https://openalex.org/W2972873235","https://openalex.org/W2981790403","https://openalex.org/W2982130750","https://openalex.org/W3002073651","https://openalex.org/W3125850259","https://openalex.org/W3128640008","https://openalex.org/W3130465770","https://openalex.org/W4221130379","https://openalex.org/W4282977464","https://openalex.org/W4296176788","https://openalex.org/W4308657228","https://openalex.org/W4309620805","https://openalex.org/W4320178910","https://openalex.org/W4387666377","https://openalex.org/W4390499258","https://openalex.org/W4390631036","https://openalex.org/W4392377669","https://openalex.org/W4392815264","https://openalex.org/W4399487053","https://openalex.org/W4399856128","https://openalex.org/W4400555713","https://openalex.org/W4401756771","https://openalex.org/W4402082804","https://openalex.org/W4405905005","https://openalex.org/W4406312588","https://openalex.org/W4409176389","https://openalex.org/W4413364004","https://openalex.org/W4414434076","https://openalex.org/W7134958696","https://openalex.org/W7153333895","https://openalex.org/W7161644932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3130465770","https://openalex.org/W4416401275","https://openalex.org/W4402933582","https://openalex.org/W4390499258","https://openalex.org/W4393989022","https://openalex.org/W4381620806","https://openalex.org/W4400555713","https://openalex.org/W3199148452","https://openalex.org/W2907571904","https://openalex.org/W4387666377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programmed":[0],"death":[1],"ligand-1":[2],"(PD-L1)":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5,23,59,155],"essential":[6],"immune":[7,17],"checkpoint":[8],"protein":[9],"that":[10,65],"plays":[11],"a":[12,85,97,108,116,127],"pivotal":[13],"role":[14],"in":[15,60,171],"tumor":[16],"evasion":[18],"and":[19,30,51,75,141,163,175],"has":[20],"emerged":[21],"as":[22,38],"important":[24],"biomarker":[25],"for":[26,158,167],"cancer":[27,176],"diagnosis,":[28],"prognosis,":[29],"immunotherapy":[31,177],"monitoring.":[32,178],"Aptamers":[33],"have":[34],"attracted":[35],"increasing":[36],"attention":[37],"promising":[39],"molecular":[40,70],"recognition":[41],"elements":[42],"owing":[43],"to":[44,79,106,123],"their":[45],"high":[46],"specificity,":[47],"excellent":[48,137],"chemical":[49],"stability,":[50],"facile":[52],"synthesis.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"study,":[56],"we":[57],"developed":[58,113],"silico-guided":[61],"aptamer":[62,149,161],"screening":[63,150],"strategy":[64,157],"integrates":[66],"virtual":[67],"library":[68],"construction,":[69],"docking,":[71],"secondary":[72],"structure":[73],"prediction,":[74],"structural":[76],"interaction":[77],"analysis":[78],"identify":[80],"high-affinity":[81],"PD-L1-binding":[82],"aptamers,":[83],"yielding":[84],"dissociation":[86],"constant":[87],"(Kd)":[88],"of":[89,130,147],"20.73":[90],"nM.":[91,132],"Based":[92],"on":[93],"the":[94,134],"optimized":[95],"aptamer,":[96],"reduced":[98],"graphene":[99],"oxide":[100],"(rGO)-modified":[101],"screen-printed":[102],"electrode":[103],"was":[104],"fabricated":[105],"construct":[107],"label-free":[109],"electrochemical":[110,152],"aptasensor.":[111],"The":[112,145],"aptasensor":[114],"exhibited":[115],"wide":[117],"linear":[118],"detection":[119,128],"range":[120],"from":[121],"0.01":[122],"100":[124],"nM,":[125],"with":[126,151],"limit":[129],"0.0074":[131],"Moreover,":[133],"biosensor":[135],"demonstrated":[136],"selectivity,":[138],"satisfactory":[139],"reproducibility,":[140],"good":[142],"storage":[143],"stability.":[144],"combination":[146],"computational":[148],"sensing":[153],"provides":[154],"efficient":[156],"developing":[159],"high-performance":[160],"biosensors":[162],"offers":[164],"considerable":[165],"potential":[166],"rapid":[168],"PD-L1":[169],"determination":[170],"clinical":[172],"liquid":[173],"biopsy":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-09-05T00:00:00"}