{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208730490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.03599","title":"Reduced latent leakage does not reliably predict lower likelihood bias in collider inference","display_name":"Reduced latent leakage does not reliably predict lower likelihood bias in collider inference","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208730490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.03599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.03599","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03599","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.03599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.03599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150039918","display_name":"Tong Pan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155285","display_name":"Suqian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f93gn72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155285"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pan, Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Physics , Suqian University , Suqian , Jiangsu , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Physics , Suqian University , Suqian , Jiangsu , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155285"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5150039918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155285"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10527","display_name":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness-of-inference","display_name":"inference robustness","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6722000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152290109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2033879","display_name":"Collider","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121099081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665580","display_name":"Trap (plumbing)","level":2,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178518018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1024555","display_name":"CUSUM","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103463560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456449","display_name":"Score test","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.03599","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03599","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.03599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.03599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.03599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.03599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.03599","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03599","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.03599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208730490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7208730490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807858310","https://openalex.org/W3200670712","https://openalex.org/W3203312642","https://openalex.org/W4392736559","https://openalex.org/W4393557429","https://openalex.org/W4405468223","https://openalex.org/W4407245117","https://openalex.org/W4407760001","https://openalex.org/W6921357878","https://openalex.org/W6977861671","https://openalex.org/W7083696831","https://openalex.org/W7125872584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7161791290","https://openalex.org/W7046168857","https://openalex.org/W7133204462","https://openalex.org/W7171409142","https://openalex.org/W6998896106","https://openalex.org/W2734216209","https://openalex.org/W7138890629","https://openalex.org/W2403284883","https://openalex.org/W7204931474","https://openalex.org/W7166438052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reusable":[0],"collider":[1],"representations":[2],"can":[3],"be":[4],"evaluated":[5],"through":[6],"downstream":[7,74],"discrimination":[8],"and":[9,100,107,141,213],"probes":[10],"of":[11,21,76,143],"retained":[12],"information,":[13],"but":[14,191],"neither":[15],"quantity":[16],"directly":[17],"tests":[18],"the":[19,84,117,172,181],"behaviour":[20],"score":[22],"templates":[23],"in":[24,33,43,166,177],"a":[25,30,34,44,48,55,65,73,104,111,187,193,199,208],"profiled":[26,57,137],"likelihood.":[27],"We":[28],"test":[29,212],"specific":[31],"prediction":[32],"controlled":[35],"two-channel":[36],"routing":[37,189],"protocol:":[38],"if":[39],"reduced":[40],"physics-label":[41],"readability":[42,94,185],"nuisance":[45],"branch":[46,108],"indicates":[47],"more":[49],"inference-robust":[50],"representation,":[51],"it":[52],"should":[53],"accompany":[54],"smaller":[56],"signal-strength":[58],"bias":[59,138,175],"under":[60,83],"fixed":[61,77],"unmodelled":[62],"shifts.":[63],"In":[64,110],"public":[66],"Compact":[67],"Muon":[68],"Solenoid":[69],"$H\\rightarrow":[70],"ZZ\\rightarrow4\\ell$":[71],"workflow,":[72,116],"split":[75],"EveNet":[78],"embeddings":[79],"preserves":[80],"signal/background":[81],"area":[82],"receiver":[85],"operating":[86],"characteristic":[87],"curve":[88],"($0.9894\\pm0.0004$)":[89],"while":[90,171],"reducing":[91],"nuisance-branch":[92],"physics":[93],"from":[95],"$0.961\\pm0.013$":[96],"to":[97],"$0.593\\pm0.030$.":[98],"Probe-sensitivity":[99],"effective-rank":[101],"controls":[102],"exclude":[103],"failed":[105],"readout":[106],"collapse.":[109],"separate":[112],"top":[113],"quark":[114],"jet-tagging":[115],"leakage":[118,164],"reduction":[119],"recurs":[120],"with":[121,134],"preserved":[122],"task":[123],"performance.":[124],"Across":[125],"two":[126],"development":[127],"event":[128],"shards,":[129],"however,":[130],"its":[131],"Spearman":[132],"association":[133],"maximum":[135,173],"absolute":[136,174],"is":[139,186],"$0.036$,":[140],"three":[142,168],"six":[144],"material":[145,163],"leakage-improving":[146],"transitions":[147],"do":[148],"not":[149,192],"reduce":[150],"that":[151],"bias.":[152],"A":[153],"one-shot":[154],"preregistered":[155],"confirmation":[156],"on":[157],"an":[158],"independently":[159],"accessed":[160],"shard":[161],"produces":[162],"reductions":[165],"all":[167],"paired":[169],"seeds,":[170],"increases":[176],"two.":[178],"Thus,":[179],"within":[180],"tested":[182],"protocol,":[183],"latent":[184],"useful":[188],"diagnostic":[190],"likelihood-robustness":[194],"certificate.":[195],"The":[196],"result":[197],"supports":[198],"practical":[200],"validation":[201],"rule:":[202],"claims":[203],"about":[204],"inference":[205],"robustness":[206],"require":[207],"prespecified":[209],"likelihood-facing":[210],"stress":[211],"held-out":[214],"confirmation.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-05T00:00:00"}
