{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208723398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16090322","title":"Efficacy of Cold-Stimulus Interventions for Thirst Management in Adult Postoperative Patients: A Systematic Review Protocol","display_name":"Efficacy of Cold-Stimulus Interventions for Thirst Management in Adult Postoperative Patients: A Systematic Review Protocol","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208723398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16090322","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42784087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nursrep16090322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16090322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16090322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184543","display_name":"Nursing Reports","issn_l":"2039-439X","issn":["2039-439X","2039-4403"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16090322","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012415637","display_name":"Ayano Ando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7445-217X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7445-217X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87531838","display_name":"Teikyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gaw2478","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87531838"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89630735","display_name":"Yokohama City University","ror":"https://ror.org/0135d1r83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89630735"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayano Ando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan","Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7445-217X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89630735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87531838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108929649","display_name":"Runa Tokunaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4989-0220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4989-0220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42999171","display_name":"Sophia University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nckkm68","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42999171"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runa Tokunaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4989-0220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42999171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066127303","display_name":"Takahiro Mihara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-511X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-511X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89630735","display_name":"Yokohama City University","ror":"https://ror.org/0135d1r83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89630735"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Mihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-511X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89630735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001680808","display_name":"Makoto Kaneko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-8274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-8274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64189623","display_name":"Kitasato University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2txz25","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64189623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89630735","display_name":"Yokohama City University","ror":"https://ror.org/0135d1r83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89630735"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Kaneko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan","Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-8274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64189623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89630735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012415637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87531838","https://openalex.org/I89630735"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67124542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"322","last_page":"322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11785","display_name":"Nausea and vomiting management","score":0.6445000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11785","display_name":"Nausea and vomiting management","score":0.6445000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11521","display_name":"Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions","score":0.10040000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.08089999854564667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-thirst","display_name":"postoperative thirst","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-stimulation","display_name":"cold stimulation","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-care-interventions","display_name":"oral care interventions","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menthol","display_name":"menthol","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-dry-mouth","display_name":"postoperative dry mouth","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perioperative-nursing","display_name":"perioperative nursing","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-anesthesia","display_name":"general anesthesia","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thirst-intensity","display_name":"thirst intensity","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-satisfaction","display_name":"patient satisfaction","score":0.8159999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778713406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474187","display_name":"Thirst","level":2,"score":0.6865000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6607999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6510999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.5893999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4787999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31174226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64855140","display_name":"Perioperative","level":2,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2771230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926699","display_name":"Blinding","level":3,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nursrep16090322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16090322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16090322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184543","display_name":"Nursing Reports","issn_l":"2039-439X","issn":["2039-439X","2039-4403"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42784087","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42784087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13610046","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13610046/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13610046/pdf/nursrep-16-00322.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nurs Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa878013e3c04e6983b82c7cfc050e83","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa878013e3c04e6983b82c7cfc050e83","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Reports, Vol 16, Iss 9, p 322 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nursrep16090322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16090322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16090322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184543","display_name":"Nursing Reports","issn_l":"2039-439X","issn":["2039-439X","2039-4403"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4733705520629883}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Study Protocol","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964435302","https://openalex.org/W1986309799","https://openalex.org/W2032506622","https://openalex.org/W2050040745","https://openalex.org/W2064475745","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2165010366","https://openalex.org/W2169205464","https://openalex.org/W2299177375","https://openalex.org/W2531269403","https://openalex.org/W2560438049","https://openalex.org/W2735134031","https://openalex.org/W2912211201","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2975424845","https://openalex.org/W4293100156","https://openalex.org/W4313379586","https://openalex.org/W4393303168","https://openalex.org/W4400020725","https://openalex.org/W4401550606","https://openalex.org/W4407400085","https://openalex.org/W4412509339"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Postoperative":[1],"thirst":[2,66,159,252],"is":[3,156],"a":[4,53],"common":[5],"and":[6,28,40,124,133,168,187,212,232,244,253],"distressing":[7],"symptom":[8],"among":[9,68],"surgical":[10,70],"patients;":[11],"however,":[12],"standardized":[13,181],"management":[14],"guidelines":[15],"remain":[16],"limited.":[17],"Oral":[18],"care":[19,62,96,99,249],"interventions":[20,63],"using":[21,144,221],"cold":[22],"stimulation":[23],"(e.g.,":[24],"ice":[25],"chips,":[26],"popsicles,":[27],"menthol-infused":[29],"products)":[30],"may":[31],"relieve":[32],"postoperative":[33,75,251],"thirst,":[34],"but":[35],"variation":[36],"in":[37,64,158,202,228,235],"intervention":[38],"protocols":[39],"outcome":[41,155],"measures":[42],"has":[43],"so":[44],"far":[45],"precluded":[46],"clear":[47],"clinical":[48],"recommendations.":[49],"This":[50,224],"protocol":[51,225],"outlines":[52],"systematic":[54],"review":[55,239],"evaluating":[56],"the":[57,73,79,145,242],"effectiveness":[58,243],"of":[59,139,148,216,246],"cold-stimulation":[60,94,247],"oral":[61,95,164,248],"reducing":[65],"intensity":[67],"adult":[69],"patients":[71],"during":[72],"immediate":[74],"period,":[76],"defined":[77],"as":[78,103,176,180,190],"first":[80],"6":[81],"h":[82],"after":[83],"emergence":[84],"from":[85],"general":[86],"anesthesia.":[87],"Methods:":[88],"Randomized":[89],"controlled":[90],"trials":[91,108],"(RCTs)":[92],"comparing":[93],"with":[97,122,193,209,230],"standard":[98],"will":[100,109,141,173,199,218,240],"be":[101,110,142,174,200,219],"included;":[102],"pre-specified":[104,210],"at":[105],"registration,":[106],"quasi-randomized":[107],"considered":[111],"only":[112],"if":[113],"fewer":[114],"than":[115],"three":[116],"eligible":[117],"RCTs":[118],"are":[119,163],"identified":[120],"(appraised":[121],"ROBINS-I":[123],"reported":[125],"separately).":[126],"MEDLINE,":[127],"Cochrane":[128,146],"Library,":[129],"EMBASE,":[130],"CINAHL":[131],"Plus":[132],"trial":[134],"registries":[135],"were":[136],"searched.":[137],"Risk":[138,147],"bias":[140],"assessed":[143],"Bias":[149],"tool":[150],"version":[151],"2.0.":[152],"The":[153,238],"primary":[154],"change":[157],"intensity;":[160],"secondary":[161],"outcomes":[162,172,189],"dryness,":[165],"patient":[166],"satisfaction,":[167],"adverse":[169],"events.":[170],"Continuous":[171],"pooled":[175],"mean":[177,182],"differences,":[178],"or":[179],"differences":[183],"across":[184],"differing":[185],"scales,":[186],"dichotomous":[188],"risk":[191],"ratios,":[192],"95%":[194],"confidence":[195],"intervals.":[196],"Random-effects":[197],"meta-analysis":[198],"performed":[201],"R":[203],"where":[204],"appropriate,":[205],"otherwise":[206],"narrative":[207],"synthesis,":[208],"subgroup":[211],"sensitivity":[213],"analyses.":[214],"Certainty":[215],"evidence":[217],"rated":[220],"GRADE.":[222],"Conclusions:":[223],"was":[226],"developed":[227],"accordance":[229],"PRISMA-P":[231],"prospectively":[233],"registered":[234],"PROSPERO":[236],"(CRD420251139881).":[237],"clarify":[241],"safety":[245],"for":[250],"support":[254],"perioperative":[255],"nursing":[256],"practice.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-09-05T00:00:00"}