{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208714347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003630333-29","title":"Small and Medium Towns in the Indian Urban System","display_name":"Small and Medium Towns in the Indian Urban System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7208714347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003630333-29"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781003630333-29","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003630333-29","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003630333-29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"City Economies in the Global South","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7208767484","display_name":"City Economies in the Global South"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041343178","display_name":"Mahalaya Chatterjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-2356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-2356"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahalaya Chatterjee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-2356","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101200745","display_name":"Arup Kumar Misra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9711-7092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9711-7092"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arup Ratan Misra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9711-7092","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"221","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.6571999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.6571999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.1738000065088272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11858","display_name":"Urban Development and Societal Issues","score":0.05820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-cities","display_name":"small and medium-sized cities","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-hierarchy","display_name":"urban hierarchy","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-bias","display_name":"urban bias","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-development-policy","display_name":"urban development policy","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jawaharlal-nehru-national-urban-renewal-mission","display_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-relations","display_name":"urban-rural relations","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statutory-towns","display_name":"statutory towns","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/census-towns","display_name":"census towns","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-infrastructure","display_name":"urban infrastructure","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-bengal","display_name":"West Bengal","score":0.8410000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.7114999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16678853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486972","display_name":"Human settlement","level":2,"score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6624000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780207250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7900124","display_name":"Urban hierarchy","level":3,"score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.527400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4238864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2069949","display_name":"Urban density","level":3,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780132705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898132","display_name":"Urban spatial structure","level":3,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777071753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898132","display_name":"Urban structure","level":3,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702492","display_name":"Urban area","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537397655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690068","display_name":"Urban geography","level":3,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158049464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1075337","display_name":"Urban climate","level":3,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779470537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23578769","display_name":"Urban studies","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187452473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2897903","display_name":"Goods and services","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781003630333-29","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003630333-29","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003630333-29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"City Economies in the Global South","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.6467000246047974,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2593187589","https://openalex.org/W2995108208","https://openalex.org/W3158959881","https://openalex.org/W2481244336","https://openalex.org/W2965961540","https://openalex.org/W2329594516","https://openalex.org/W3015590423","https://openalex.org/W2800294327","https://openalex.org/W4311234394","https://openalex.org/W2735172905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"urban":[1,10,32,36,51,90,109,147,154,196,223,254,290],"system":[2,37,52,291],"of":[3,9,44,100,107,128,140,146,153,170,181,190,247,269,282],"a":[4,13,39,55,58,85],"country":[5],"is":[6,53,97,131,137,258],"the":[7,23,35,50,62,68,72,78,89,98,108,113,122,126,132,138,162,167,177,191,202,228,241,245,280,288,307],"collection":[8],"areas":[11],"in":[12,34,42,94,112,121,144,161,173,187,193,199,271,287],"hierarchical":[14,91],"order":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17],"population.":[18],"Ever":[19],"since":[20],"Christaller":[21],"published":[22],"Central":[24],"Place":[25],"Theory":[26],"and":[27,46,64,77,149,183,210,230,249,262,284,292,297],"Losch":[28],"modified":[29],"it,":[30],"every":[31],"area":[33],"has":[38],"defined":[40],"role":[41,281],"terms":[43,145],"economic":[45,129,296],"demographic":[47],"entitlement.":[48],"Theoretically,":[49],"like":[54],"pyramid":[56],"with":[57,104,260],"large":[59],"city":[60],"at":[61,67],"top":[63],"smaller":[65],"settlements":[66],"bottom.":[69],"Statistically":[70],"speaking,":[71],"Pareto":[73],"distribution,":[74],"Zipf's":[75],"Law":[76],"Rank-Size":[79],"Rule":[80],"are":[81],"said":[82],"to":[83,222,235,277],"be":[84],"good":[86],"fit":[87],"for":[88,176,216,300],"system.":[92],"However,":[93],"India,":[95,200],"it":[96],"case":[99],"an":[101],"inverted":[102],"pyramid,":[103],"almost":[105],"70%":[106],"population":[110],"living":[111,142],"largest":[114],"(metropolitan)":[115],"cities.":[116,218],"This":[117,219,274],"proportion":[118],"continuously":[119],"increases":[120],"post-independence":[123],"period.":[124],"If":[125],"presence":[127],"opportunities":[130],"main":[133],"reason,":[134],"no":[135],"less":[136],"availability":[139],"better":[141],"conditions":[143],"facilities":[148],"amenities.":[150],"The":[151,253],"theory":[152],"bias,":[155],"as":[156],"propagated":[157],"by":[158,303],"Michael":[159],"Lipton":[160],"last":[163],"century's":[164],"\u201970s,":[165],"took":[166],"distinct":[168],"form":[169],"metropolitan":[171],"bias":[172],"India.":[174],"Except":[175],"IDSMT":[178],"(Integrated":[179],"Development":[180],"Small":[182],"Medium":[184],"Towns)":[185],"launched":[186],"1979,":[188],"most":[189],"schemes":[192],"recent":[194],"years,":[195],"development":[197,224,302],"programmes":[198],"including":[201],"JNNURM":[203],"(Jawaharlal":[204],"Nehru":[205],"National":[206],"Urban":[207],"Renewal":[208],"Mission)":[209],"Smart":[211],"Cities":[212],"Programme,":[213],"were":[214],"meant":[215],"big":[217],"lopsided":[220],"approach":[221],"not":[225],"only":[226],"impoverished":[227],"small":[229,283],"medium-sized":[231],"towns":[232,237,264,286],"through":[233,244],"migration":[234],"larger":[236],"but":[238],"also":[239],"affected":[240],"rural-urban":[242],"linkage":[243],"flow":[246],"goods":[248],"services":[250],"within":[251],"them.":[252],"structure":[255],"again":[256],"here":[257],"dual,":[259],"statutory":[261],"census":[263],"under":[265],"two":[266],"different":[267],"types":[268],"administration":[270],"watertight":[272],"components.":[273],"chapter":[275],"tries":[276],"look":[278],"into":[279],"medium":[285],"Indian":[289],"then":[293],"explores":[294],"their":[295],"financial":[298],"potential":[299],"infrastructural":[301],"drawing":[304],"examples":[305],"from":[306],"West":[308],"Bengal":[309],"state.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-05T00:00:00"}