{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207762467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","title":"Comics as a Socio-Behavioral Tool for Economic Literacy: A Process Evaluation of a Senior High School Learning Intervention","display_name":"Comics as a Socio-Behavioral Tool for Economic Literacy: A Process Evaluation of a Senior High School Learning Intervention","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207762467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918878","display_name":"Asia Pacific journal of social and behavioral sciences (BSU) (Online)","issn_l":"1656-5207","issn":["1656-5207","2599-4891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127794727","display_name":"Ranz Raymund S. Rio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256062","display_name":"San Isidro College","ror":"https://ror.org/03qgy8k22","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256062"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranz Raymund S. Rio","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, San Isidro College, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, San Isidro College, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072461547","display_name":"Ritchelee B. Alugar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-5018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-5018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135881978","display_name":"Bukidnon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04knmnr48","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135881978"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ritchele B. Alugar","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Bukidnon State University, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Bukidnon State University, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135881978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009066660","display_name":"Marichu B. Montecillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-5585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-5585","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-7744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135881978","display_name":"Bukidnon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04knmnr48","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135881978"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marichu B. Montecillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business, Bukidnon State University, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business, Bukidnon State University, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135881978"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115926758","display_name":"Kent T. Onahon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7561-0363","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7561-0363"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135881978","display_name":"Bukidnon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04knmnr48","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135881978"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kent T. Onahon","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Education Department, Bukidnon State University \u2013 Lantapan Campus Lantapan, Bukidnon, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Education Department, Bukidnon State University \u2013 Lantapan Campus Lantapan, Bukidnon, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135881978"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"94","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12390","display_name":"Comics and Graphic Narratives","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12390","display_name":"Comics and Graphic Narratives","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14274","display_name":"Non-Formal Education and Adult Literacy","score":0.06400000303983688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12010","display_name":"Evaluation and Performance Assessment","score":0.05829999968409538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-literacy","display_name":"economic literacy","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-based-intervention","display_name":"school-based intervention","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-fidelity","display_name":"implementation fidelity","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-change","display_name":"theory of change","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-evaluation","display_name":"program evaluation","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-constraints","display_name":"resource constraints","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.7786999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5395021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061410","display_name":"Program evaluation","level":2,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529099274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004","display_name":"Comics","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194943564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129049","display_name":"Participant observation","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80245801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477475","display_name":"Semi-structured interview","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152747807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854913","display_name":"Summative assessment","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918878","display_name":"Asia Pacific journal of social and behavioral sciences (BSU) (Online)","issn_l":"1656-5207","issn":["1656-5207","2599-4891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v23i0.468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918878","display_name":"Asia Pacific journal of social and behavioral sciences (BSU) (Online)","issn_l":"1656-5207","issn":["1656-5207","2599-4891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7104569876","https://openalex.org/W4410185784","https://openalex.org/W7106801207","https://openalex.org/W7219853692","https://openalex.org/W2893245843","https://openalex.org/W7171693325","https://openalex.org/W4414118194","https://openalex.org/W4410475013","https://openalex.org/W7124450548","https://openalex.org/W7219226150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,146],"presents":[2],"a":[3,41,96],"process":[4,42],"evaluation":[5,43,119],"of":[6,36,60,141],"the":[7,34,57,66,112,118,138,149,175],"eKOnoMIKS:":[8],"Comics-based":[9],"Literacy":[10],"Project,":[11],"an":[12],"economic":[13,102],"literacy":[14,179],"extension":[15],"project":[16,67,151],"implemented":[17],"among":[18],"Grade":[19],"11":[20],"students":[21,101],"at":[22],"Casisang":[23],"National":[24],"High":[25],"School":[26],"in":[27,33,100,133],"Malaybalay":[28],"City,":[29],"Bukidnon,":[30],"Philippines.":[31],"Anchored":[32],"theory":[35],"change":[37],"and":[38,50,70,74,77,90,131,155,169,195,203],"guided":[39],"by":[40,105],"design,":[44],"this":[45],"research":[46],"employed":[47],"both":[48,153],"quantitative":[49],"qualitative":[51,106],"approaches,":[52],"with":[53,111],"document":[54],"analysis":[55],"as":[56,189],"primary":[58],"method":[59],"data":[61],"collection.":[62],"Project":[63],"documents":[64],"including":[65,124],"proposal,":[68],"pre-":[69],"post-test":[71],"scores,":[72],"progress":[73],"monitoring":[75],"reports,":[76],"participant":[78],"feedback":[79,107],"forms":[80],"were":[81],"systematically":[82],"examined":[83],"to":[84,165,174,181,199],"evaluate":[85],"implementation":[86],"fidelity,":[87],"key":[88],"activities,":[89],"immediate":[91],"outcomes.":[92,116],"Key":[93],"findings":[94],"indicated":[95],"statistically":[97],"significant":[98],"improvement":[99],"literacy,":[103],"supported":[104],"that":[108,148,184],"affirmed":[109],"alignment":[110],"projects":[113],"formative":[114],"intended":[115],"However,":[117],"also":[120],"revealed":[121],"several":[122],"challenges,":[123],"logistical":[125],"constraints,":[126],"limited":[127],"resources,":[128],"scheduling":[129],"conflicts,":[130],"difficulties":[132],"maintaining":[134],"student":[135],"engagement,":[136],"highlighting":[137],"complex":[139],"nature":[140],"implementing":[142],"school-based":[143],"interventions.":[144],"The":[145],"concludes":[147],"eKOnoMIKS":[150],"was":[152],"effective":[154],"contextually":[156],"appropriate":[157],"for":[158,177],"senior":[159],"high":[160],"school":[161],"learners,":[162],"largely":[163],"due":[164],"its":[166],"structured":[167],"design":[168],"process-driven":[170],"implementation.":[171],"Implications":[172],"point":[173],"need":[176],"future":[178],"interventions":[180],"incorporate":[182],"strategies":[183],"address":[185],"operational":[186],"barriers,":[187],"such":[188],"flexible":[190],"timelines,":[191],"strengthened":[192],"resource":[193],"allocation,":[194],"enhanced":[196],"engagement":[197],"mechanisms":[198],"promote":[200],"sustained":[201],"impact":[202],"program":[204],"continuity.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}
