{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207748639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/5r355b87","title":"CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: UNRAVELING THE INTERPLAY OF LIFESTYLE, GENETICS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS","display_name":"CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: UNRAVELING THE INTERPLAY OF LIFESTYLE, GENETICS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207748639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/5r355b87"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4238/5r355b87","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/5r355b87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4238/5r355b87","pdf_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/3999/2533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206553565","display_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","issn_l":"1676-5680","issn":["1676-5680"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322633623","host_organization_name":"Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322633623"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/3999/2533","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037334573","display_name":"Aamir Naseem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5310-2031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5310-2031"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Aamir Naseem","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Kabir Medical College , Peshawar ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Kabir Medical College , Peshawar ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038970051","display_name":"Kashan Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1442-9769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1442-9769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261418","display_name":"Children Hospital, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0597d0j27","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261418"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Kashan Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health , Faisalabad ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health , Faisalabad ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149450031","display_name":"Dr. Muhammad Zahid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800672702","display_name":"Combined Military Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05mya2w74","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800672702"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Muhammad Zahid","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Combined Military Hospital , Sialkot ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Combined Military Hospital , Sialkot ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800672702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106560704","display_name":"Noor-ul-ain Mehak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr Noor-ul-ain Mehak","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences , Lahore ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences , Lahore ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012208863","display_name":"Sajjad Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-1870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-1870"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Sajjad Habib Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital , Lahore ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital , Lahore ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011315838","display_name":"Syed Saddam Hussain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800672702","display_name":"Combined Military Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05mya2w74","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800672702"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Syed Saddam Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Combined Military Hospital , Quetta ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Combined Military Hospital , Quetta ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800672702"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-obesity","display_name":"childhood obesity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-habits","display_name":"lifestyle habits","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-time","display_name":"screen time","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-food-consumption","display_name":"fast food consumption","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-history-of-obesity","display_name":"family history of obesity","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-history-of-diabetes","display_name":"family history of diabetes","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropometry","display_name":"anthropometry","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-profile","display_name":"lipid profile","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-blood-glucose","display_name":"fasting blood glucose","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"blood pressure","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-risk-factors","display_name":"metabolic risk factors","score":0.75}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.7502999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.659500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6553999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6352999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.5999000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779422640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241451","display_name":"Childhood obesity","level":4,"score":0.5659000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.44040000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169594400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244775","display_name":"Twin study","level":3,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778899633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349358","display_name":"Sedentary lifestyle","level":3,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781179581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857712","display_name":"Family history","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781253360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130149","display_name":"Screen time","level":3,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70818257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502671","display_name":"Metabolic control analysis","level":3,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776193436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236232","display_name":"Waist","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4238/5r355b87","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/5r355b87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4238/5r355b87","pdf_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/3999/2533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206553565","display_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","issn_l":"1676-5680","issn":["1676-5680"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322633623","host_organization_name":"Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322633623"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4238/5r355b87","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/5r355b87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4238/5r355b87","pdf_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/3999/2533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206553565","display_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","issn_l":"1676-5680","issn":["1676-5680"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322633623","host_organization_name":"Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322633623"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7207748639.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7207748639.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7150055236","https://openalex.org/W4281570588","https://openalex.org/W3126106469","https://openalex.org/W2049391963","https://openalex.org/W2811354477","https://openalex.org/W2324406391","https://openalex.org/W6911863531","https://openalex.org/W2400149847","https://openalex.org/W2156116403","https://openalex.org/W2626127647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Childhood":[1,186],"obesity":[2,160,187],"is":[3,9],"a":[4,118,199],"significant":[5],"health":[6],"issue":[7],"that":[8,62],"highly":[10],"linked":[11,140],"to":[12,99,137,141,154,214],"the":[13,31,34,112,149],"premature":[14,124],"onset":[15],"of":[16,88,121,132,159,177,221],"metabolic":[17,42,125,146,169,183,189],"syndrome":[18,170,190],"(MetS),":[19],"which":[20,196],"depends":[21],"on":[22],"lifestyle,":[23,204],"genetic":[24,205],"and":[25,41,45,85,94,106,123,130,145,182,188,207,223],"environmental":[26,208],"factors.":[27,209],"Objective:":[28],"To":[29],"determine":[30],"relationships":[32],"between":[33,179],"lifestyle":[35,180],"behaviours,":[36],"family":[37],"history,":[38],"anthropometric":[39,78],"measurements,":[40],"risk":[43,171],"factors":[44],"indicators":[46],"among":[47,73],"children":[48],"aged":[49],"less":[50],"than":[51],"18":[52],"years.":[53],"Methods:":[54],"The":[55,127,210],"study":[56,61],"was":[57,63,117,152,163,174],"an":[58,142,167],"analytical":[59],"cross-sectional":[60],"carried":[64],"out":[65],"in":[66,198],"Peshawar,":[67],"MMC":[68],"General":[69],"Hospital,":[70],"Pediatric":[71],"department,":[72],"180":[74],"children.":[75],"Structured":[76],"questionnaires,":[77],"measurements":[79],"with":[80,166],"body":[81],"mass":[82],"index":[83],"(BMI)":[84],"biochemical":[86],"analyses":[87],"fasting":[89],"blood":[90,95],"glucose,":[91],"lipid":[92],"profile,":[93],"pressure":[96],"were":[97,109,135],"used":[98,110],"gather":[100],"data.":[101],"Descriptive":[102],"statistics,":[103],"correlation,":[104],"regression":[105],"mediation":[107,176],"analysis":[108],"as":[111,203],"statistical":[113],"methods.":[114],"Results:":[115],"There":[116,173],"high":[119],"incidence":[120],"overweight":[122],"abnormalities.":[126],"screen":[128],"time":[129],"consumption":[131],"fast":[133],"food":[134],"found":[136,153],"be":[138,155,215],"significantly":[139],"elevated":[143],"BMI":[144,178],"risk,":[147],"whereas":[148],"physical":[150,218],"activity":[151],"protective.":[156],"Family":[157],"history":[158],"or":[161],"diabetes":[162],"also":[164],"associated":[165],"increased":[168],"score.":[172],"some":[175],"behaviours":[181],"risk.":[184],"Conclusion:":[185],"are":[191],"caused":[192],"by":[193],"various":[194],"factors,":[195],"interact":[197],"complex":[200],"manner,":[201],"such":[202],"disposition,":[206],"preventive":[211],"measures":[212],"need":[213],"aimed":[216],"at":[217],"activity,":[219],"improvement":[220],"diet":[222],"family-based":[224],"interventions.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}