{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207699757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","title":"Differential associations of restrained, emotional, and external eating with eating disorder risk among urban adolescents in Bangladesh","display_name":"Differential associations of restrained, emotional, and external eating with eating disorder risk among urban adolescents in Bangladesh","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207699757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234357","display_name":"Journal of Eating Disorders","issn_l":"2050-2974","issn":["2050-2974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Eating Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013077444","display_name":"Md. Muktarul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3539-8336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3539-8336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286373","display_name":"Centre for Medical Research & Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01yrgpc97","country_code":"BD","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286373"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46080048","display_name":"Jahangirnagar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywb0864","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Muktarul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Medical Research & Development (CMRD), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh","Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3539-8336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Medical Research & Development (CMRD), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286373"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070068089","display_name":"Anika Bushra Boitchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-7774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-7774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46080048","display_name":"Jahangirnagar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywb0864","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anika Bushra Boitchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149506184","display_name":"Nourin Tamanna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46080048","display_name":"Jahangirnagar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywb0864","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nourin Tamanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013077444","https://openalex.org/A5070068089"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286373","https://openalex.org/I46080048"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10263","display_name":"Eating Disorders and Behaviors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10263","display_name":"Eating Disorders and Behaviors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12873","display_name":"Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13393","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eating-disorders","display_name":"eating disorders","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-restraint","display_name":"dietary restraint","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-eating","display_name":"emotional eating","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-eating","display_name":"external eating","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eating-disorder-risk","display_name":"eating disorder risk","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-adolescents","display_name":"urban adolescents","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakfast-skipping","display_name":"breakfast skipping","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-duration","display_name":"sleep duration","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eating-disorder-prevention","display_name":"eating disorder prevention","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eat-26","display_name":"EAT-26","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dutch-eating-behavior-questionnaire","display_name":"Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-time","display_name":"screen time","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.6570000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776394216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373822","display_name":"Eating disorders","level":2,"score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4643000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776444855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282515","display_name":"Disordered eating","level":3,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183380357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776598","display_name":"Cluster sampling","level":3,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781258526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105923599","display_name":"Snacking","level":3,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303219","display_name":"Binge eating","level":3,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020271038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3281331","display_name":"Eating behavior","level":3,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777435962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010564","display_name":"Emotional eating","level":4,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49898467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517706","display_name":"Stratified sampling","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234357","display_name":"Journal of Eating Disorders","issn_l":"2050-2974","issn":["2050-2974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Eating Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01736-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234357","display_name":"Journal of Eating Disorders","issn_l":"2050-2974","issn":["2050-2974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Eating Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213591393","https://openalex.org/W7172502580","https://openalex.org/W2326466035","https://openalex.org/W6911739305","https://openalex.org/W3173955608","https://openalex.org/W2157684963","https://openalex.org/W3136997951","https://openalex.org/W2083612686","https://openalex.org/W7162200858","https://openalex.org/W2620970864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eating":[0,18,118,123,126,193,347],"disorders":[1,59,348],"are":[2,11,353,420],"an":[3,132,271],"emerging":[4],"public":[5],"health":[6,356],"concern":[7],"among":[8,60,71,199,202,329,358,406,426],"adolescents":[9,62,73,236,331,407,429,457,476],"and":[10,25,38,54,89,113,121,145,156,175,212,226,349,383,446,515],"often":[12],"associated":[13,219,240,265,288,324,421,520],"with":[14,220,231,241,266,289,325,422,470,521],"unhealthy":[15,337,350],"eating":[16,27,32,52,58,191,245,263,272,284,290,300,306,319,326,338,351,361,367,377,385,397,417,423,442,447,462,465,471,493,496,504],"behaviors.":[17],"behavior":[19,322,362,418],"phenotypes":[20],"such":[21,364],"as":[22,131,186,365],"restrained,":[23],"emotional,":[24],"external":[26,384,503],"may":[28,340,391],"increase":[29],"vulnerability":[30],"to":[31,153,258,369,373,381,480,489],"disorder.":[33,192,398,463,494],"However,":[34,399],"evidence":[35],"from":[36,77],"low-":[37],"middle-income":[39],"countries,":[40],"including":[41],"Bangladesh,":[42],"remains":[43],"limited.":[44],"This":[45],"study":[46,68],"examined":[47,140,403],"the":[48,55,116,122,179,259,295,321,393,467],"associations":[49],"between":[50,87],"these":[51,404,416],"behaviors":[53,339,352,405],"risk":[56,128,189,195,222,238,308,328,394,425,460],"of":[57,190,269,298,305,336,395,461,492],"urban":[61,330,434],"in":[63,81,294,332,344,379,408,433,455],"Bangladesh.":[64,333,409],"A":[65],"school-based":[66],"cross-sectional":[67],"was":[69,129,196,264,285,320,505],"conducted":[70],"428":[72,180,427],"aged":[74,430],"12\u201317":[75,431],"years":[76,432],"selected":[78,95],"secondary":[79],"schools":[80],"Dhaka":[82],"South":[83],"City":[84],"Corporation":[85],"area":[86],"February":[88],"August":[90],"2025.":[91],"The":[92,436],"participants":[93,437],"were":[94,104,139,151,184,216,239,458,485,519],"using":[96,141],"a":[97,107,499],"multistage":[98],"cluster":[99],"random":[100],"sampling":[101],"design.":[102],"Data":[103],"collected":[105],"via":[106],"structured":[108],"questionnaire":[109],"that":[110,452,475,512],"included":[111],"socio-demographic":[112],"lifestyle":[114,444],"information,":[115],"Dutch":[117],"Behavior":[119],"Questionnaire,":[120],"Attitudes":[124],"Test-26.":[125],"disorder":[127,194,273,291,307,327,424,448,472],"defined":[130],"EAT-26":[133],"score":[134],"\u2265":[135],"20.":[136],"Group":[137],"differences":[138],"independent-samples":[142],"t":[143],"tests":[144],"chi-square":[146],"tests.":[147],"Logistic":[148],"regression":[149],"analyses":[150],"performed":[152],"estimate":[154],"crude":[155],"adjusted":[157],"odds":[158,268,304],"ratios":[159],"after":[160],"controlling":[161],"for":[162],"age,":[163],"sex,":[164],"BMI":[165],"category,":[166],"breakfast":[167,514],"skipping,":[168],"sleep":[169,214],"duration,":[170],"screen":[171],"time,":[172],"physical":[173],"activity,":[174],"household":[176],"income.":[177],"Among":[178],"adolescents,":[181],"123":[182],"(28.7%)":[183],"identified":[185],"being":[187],"at":[188,234,237,459],"significantly":[197,218,242,287,507],"greater":[198,221,303],"females":[200],"than":[201],"males":[203],"(33.3%":[204],"vs.":[205,250],"24.2%;":[206],"p":[207,227,254,280,315],"=":[208,228,275,310],"0.037).":[209],"Breakfast":[210],"skipping":[211,513],"shorter":[213],"duration":[215],"also":[217,510],"(p":[223],"<":[224,255,281,316],"0.001":[225],"0.015).":[229],"Compared":[230],"those":[232],"not":[233,286,506],"risk,":[235,473],"higher":[243,267,522],"restrained":[244,262,299,366],"scores":[246],"(2.38":[247],"\u00b1":[248,252],"0.81":[249],"1.84":[251],"0.56;":[253],"0.001).":[256,282,317],"According":[257],"multivariable":[260],"analysis,":[261],"having":[270],"(OR":[274,309],"2.42,":[276],"95%":[277,312],"CI:":[278,313],"1.85\u20133.16;":[279],"External":[283],"risk.":[292,449,523],"Adolescents":[293],"highest":[296],"tertile":[297],"had":[301],"markedly":[302],"5.84,":[311],"3.25\u201310.50;":[314],"Restrained":[318,464],"most":[323],"Early":[334],"identification":[335],"support":[341],"prevention":[342],"strategies":[343],"adolescent":[345],"populations.":[346],"becoming":[354],"important":[355],"concerns":[357],"adolescents.":[359],"Different":[360],"patterns,":[363],"(trying":[368],"restrict":[370,481],"food":[371,389,483],"intake":[372,484],"control":[374],"weight),":[375],"emotional":[376],"(eating":[378,386],"response":[380],"emotions),":[382],"triggered":[387],"by":[388],"cues),":[390],"influence":[392],"developing":[396],"few":[400],"studies":[401],"have":[402],"In":[410],"this":[411],"study,":[412],"we":[413],"investigated":[414],"how":[415],"patterns":[419],"school-going":[428],"Dhaka.":[435],"completed":[438],"questionnaires":[439],"assessing":[440],"their":[441,482],"behaviors,":[443],"factors,":[445],"We":[450,509],"found":[451],"nearly":[453],"one":[454],"three":[456],"showed":[466,497],"strongest":[468],"association":[469],"indicating":[474],"who":[477],"frequently":[478],"tried":[479],"much":[486],"more":[487],"likely":[488],"exhibit":[490],"signs":[491],"Emotional":[495],"only":[498],"weak":[500],"association,":[501],"whereas":[502],"related.":[508],"observed":[511],"sleeping":[516],"fewer":[517],"hours":[518]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}
