{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207630415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","title":"Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate and Child Neurodevelopment in the MARBLES Study","display_name":"Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate and Child Neurodevelopment in the MARBLES Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207630415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42916419","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13629627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/esthag/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054/68033323/acs.est.6c03054.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13479253","display_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","issn_l":"0013-936X","issn":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/esthag/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054/68033323/acs.est.6c03054.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053678356","display_name":"Hyuna Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-8967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-8967"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyuna Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor University , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor University , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079167841","display_name":"Deborah H. Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-2316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-2316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah H. Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036896252","display_name":"Daniel Joseph Tancredi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-7907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-7907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Tancredi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Davis , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Davis , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038452276","display_name":"Rebecca J. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1582-2747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1582-2747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca J. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California , , , ,","University of California Davis , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Davis , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040217678","display_name":"Hyeong\u2010Moo Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-2555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-2555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyeong-Moo Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor University , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-2555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor University , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040217678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":2.6576,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91549598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"38","first_page":"26961","last_page":"26973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13563","display_name":"Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13563","display_name":"Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-exposure","display_name":"prenatal exposure","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perchlorate","display_name":"perchlorate","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thiocyanate","display_name":"thiocyanate","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate","display_name":"nitrate","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-neurodevelopment","display_name":"child neurodevelopment","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-iodine-concentration","display_name":"urinary iodine","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-smoking","display_name":"passive smoking","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-hormones","display_name":"thyroid hormones","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-mixtures","display_name":"exposure mixtures","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.527999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6775000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018923374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Prenatal exposure","level":4,"score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73269764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954529","display_name":"Poisson regression","level":3,"score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775887326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308829","display_name":"Prenatal care","level":3,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103728769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812554","display_name":"Bayley Scales of Infant Development","level":4,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63817138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3455889","display_name":"Quantile regression","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067877","descriptor_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000099203","descriptor_name":"Neurodevelopment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009566","descriptor_name":"Nitrates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010472","descriptor_name":"Perchlorates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011297","descriptor_name":"Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013861","descriptor_name":"Thiocyanates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/esthag/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054/68033323/acs.est.6c03054.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13479253","display_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","issn_l":"0013-936X","issn":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13629627","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13629627/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13629627/pdf/es6c03054.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environ Sci Technol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42916419","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42916419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental science & technology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/esthag/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6c03054/68033323/acs.est.6c03054.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13479253","display_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","issn_l":"0013-936X","issn":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1241784340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R-829388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1334584848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R-833292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G281283810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P01ES011269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3073890309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54 HD 079125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312146","funder_display_name":"MIND Institute, University of California, Davis"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3229476791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R829388, R833292, RD835432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3374453255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54HD079125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4024264813","display_name":"MIND Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center","funder_award_id":"U54HD079125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4096623411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54-HD079125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332591","funder_display_name":"Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4123231878","display_name":"Autism Risk, Prenatal Environmental Exposures, and Pathophysiologic Markers","funder_award_id":"R01ES020392","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4133885571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R833292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315019","funder_display_name":"Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5083323197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RD835432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5120299696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01ES028089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5415340839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2CE026542","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5628086484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"863967","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6168299461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01ES028089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315019","funder_display_name":"Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6233854833","display_name":"The UC Davis Center for Children's Enviromental Health and Disease Prevention","funder_award_id":"P01ES011269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G644676660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R829388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315019","funder_display_name":"Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8067305300","display_name":"Environmental Influence on Infant Microbiome Development and ASD Symptoms","funder_award_id":"R01ES028089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8088330352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"863967","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315019","funder_display_name":"Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8425066227","display_name":"Prenatal Exposure to NIS inhibitors, Iodine Deficiency, and Thyroid Dysfunction","funder_award_id":"R21ES033389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8778665078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21ES033389, R01ES020392, U24ES028533, R01ES028089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312146","display_name":"MIND Institute, University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315019","display_name":"Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/01cmst727"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332564","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332591","display_name":"Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7207630415.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7207630415.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511302815","https://openalex.org/W1964037678","https://openalex.org/W1964043583","https://openalex.org/W1981105730","https://openalex.org/W1982611692","https://openalex.org/W1987184305","https://openalex.org/W2000857924","https://openalex.org/W2007323645","https://openalex.org/W2016346724","https://openalex.org/W2016709601","https://openalex.org/W2022349101","https://openalex.org/W2027934291","https://openalex.org/W2035150223","https://openalex.org/W2068424371","https://openalex.org/W2073616163","https://openalex.org/W2075495488","https://openalex.org/W2102759501","https://openalex.org/W2104491766","https://openalex.org/W2113649741","https://openalex.org/W2129516277","https://openalex.org/W2141384288","https://openalex.org/W2144446993","https://openalex.org/W2146328164","https://openalex.org/W2170355135","https://openalex.org/W2203391939","https://openalex.org/W2321635716","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2489557975","https://openalex.org/W2594860771","https://openalex.org/W2772767399","https://openalex.org/W2784256256","https://openalex.org/W2799468760","https://openalex.org/W2809208985","https://openalex.org/W2888209655","https://openalex.org/W2891150779","https://openalex.org/W2901025941","https://openalex.org/W2901473182","https://openalex.org/W2903099950","https://openalex.org/W2918173153","https://openalex.org/W2999950703","https://openalex.org/W3017304736","https://openalex.org/W3025840970","https://openalex.org/W3028304065","https://openalex.org/W3081561615","https://openalex.org/W3083727373","https://openalex.org/W3090552050","https://openalex.org/W3099720491","https://openalex.org/W3152901280","https://openalex.org/W4213432478","https://openalex.org/W4214849391","https://openalex.org/W4224231759","https://openalex.org/W4224239408","https://openalex.org/W4283708788","https://openalex.org/W4286266864","https://openalex.org/W4306937170","https://openalex.org/W4315645956","https://openalex.org/W4380078602","https://openalex.org/W4389078339","https://openalex.org/W4390274305","https://openalex.org/W4392733644","https://openalex.org/W4397031937","https://openalex.org/W4400620392","https://openalex.org/W4401446756","https://openalex.org/W4404027659","https://openalex.org/W4406288879","https://openalex.org/W4409458169","https://openalex.org/W4412565006","https://openalex.org/W7083590386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389078339","https://openalex.org/W7166072365","https://openalex.org/W2918056890","https://openalex.org/W3168210815","https://openalex.org/W3099821502","https://openalex.org/W2990151295","https://openalex.org/W840456681","https://openalex.org/W2156462036","https://openalex.org/W2971737101","https://openalex.org/W2854582512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Associations":[0],"between":[1,103],"prenatal":[2,104,151],"exposure":[3,105,152,164],"to":[4,106,123,150,153,188],"perchlorate,":[5,154],"thiocyanate,":[6,155],"and":[7,9,46,75,83,90,96,110,133,156,163,185],"nitrate":[8,157],"autism":[10],"spectrum":[11],"disorder":[12],"(ASD)":[13],"remain":[14],"largely":[15],"unexplored.":[16],"We":[17,69],"investigated":[18],"these":[19,107,167],"associations":[20,102,121,169],"in":[21],"the":[22,111,177],"MARBLES":[23],"cohort,":[24],"a":[25],"prospective":[26],"cohort":[27],"with":[28,78],"an":[29],"elevated":[30],"familial":[31],"likelihood":[32],"of":[33,37,127,138],"ASD.":[34],"A":[35],"total":[36],"310":[38],"mothers":[39],"provided":[40],"1916":[41],"urine":[42],"samples":[43],"during":[44],"pregnancy,":[45],"their":[47],"children":[48],"were":[49],"classified":[50],"at":[51],"age":[52],"3":[53],"years":[54],"as":[55],"typically":[56],"developing":[57],"(TD),":[58],"ASD,":[59],"or":[60],"non-TD":[61,76],"(developmental":[62],"concerns":[63],"not":[64],"meeting":[65],"ASD":[66,74],"diagnostic":[67],"criteria).":[68],"estimated":[70],"relative":[71],"risks":[72],"for":[73,179],"compared":[77],"TD":[79],"using":[80,87],"Poisson":[81],"regression":[82],"assessed":[84],"mixture":[85,97],"effects":[86],"quantile":[88],"G-computation":[89],"Bayesian":[91],"kernel":[92],"machine":[93],"regression.":[94],"Overall":[95],"analyses":[98,117],"showed":[99],"no":[100],"significant":[101,141],"NIS":[108],"inhibitors":[109],"child":[112,124,194],"neurodevelopmental":[113],"outcomes.":[114],"However,":[115],"stratified":[116],"identified":[118],"several":[119],"context-specific":[120],"according":[122],"sex,":[125],"trimester":[126],"exposure,":[128],"maternal":[129],"urinary":[130],"iodine":[131],"concentration,":[132],"passive":[134],"smoking":[135],"status,":[136],"some":[137],"which":[139],"remained":[140],"after":[142],"false-discovery-rate":[143],"correction.":[144],"These":[145],"findings":[146],"suggest":[147],"that":[148],"susceptibility":[149],"may":[158],"vary":[159],"across":[160],"population":[161],"subgroups":[162],"windows.":[165],"Although":[166],"subgroup-specific":[168],"should":[170],"be":[171],"considered":[172],"hypothesis":[173],"generating,":[174],"they":[175],"highlight":[176],"need":[178],"future":[180],"studies":[181],"integrating":[182],"thyroid":[183],"biomarkers":[184],"mechanistic":[186],"approaches":[187],"better":[189],"understand":[190],"thyroid-related":[191],"pathways":[192],"underlying":[193],"neurodevelopment.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}