{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207625399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","title":"Association of Galectin-3, Soluble ST2, Angiotensin II, and TGF-\u03b2 With Gensini Score\u2013Defined Coronary Artery Disease Severity in Acute Coronary Syndrome","display_name":"Association of Galectin-3, Soluble ST2, Angiotensin II, and TGF-\u03b2 With Gensini Score\u2013Defined Coronary Artery Disease Severity in Acute Coronary Syndrome","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207625399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204177","display_name":"Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences","issn_l":"2706-9907","issn":["2706-9907","2706-9915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366147104","host_organization_name":"Al-Nahrain University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366147104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Al-Nahrain University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149774229","display_name":"Ali Saleem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Saleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009818610","display_name":"Hassan H. Al-Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2420-6367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2420-6367"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Al-Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062215132","display_name":"Rafid Bashir Altaweel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-7436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-7436","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3379-5896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafid Altaweel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"438","last_page":"446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10292","display_name":"Acute Myocardial Infarction Research","score":0.7544000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10292","display_name":"Acute Myocardial Infarction Research","score":0.7544000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.0625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","score":0.02449999935925007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galectin-3","display_name":"galectin-3","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soluble-st2","display_name":"soluble ST2","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angiotensin-ii","display_name":"angiotensin II","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transforming-growth-factor-beta","display_name":"TGF-beta","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gensini-score","display_name":"Gensini score","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease-severity","display_name":"coronary artery disease severity","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-coronary-syndrome","display_name":"acute coronary syndrome","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/st-elevation-myocardial-infarction","display_name":"ST-elevation myocardial infarction","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-st-elevation-myocardial-infarction","display_name":"non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-biomarkers","display_name":"cardiac biomarkers","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ck-mb","display_name":"CK-MB","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troponin","display_name":"troponin","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-profile","display_name":"lipid profile","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-function","display_name":"renal function","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renin-angiotensin-system","display_name":"renin-angiotensin system","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-angiography","display_name":"coronary angiography","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.864799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.8130999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.7383000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777698277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266018","display_name":"Acute coronary syndrome","level":3,"score":0.7106999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426660","display_name":"Creatinine","level":2,"score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908929049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65963433","display_name":"Angiotensin II","level":3,"score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11783203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5478027","display_name":"Framingham Risk Score","level":3,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991716557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12252367","display_name":"Coronary atherosclerosis","level":3,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36036425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7846262","display_name":"Troponin","level":3,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019004856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297149","display_name":"Coronary angiography","level":3,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204177","display_name":"Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences","issn_l":"2706-9907","issn":["2706-9907","2706-9915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366147104","host_organization_name":"Al-Nahrain University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366147104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Al-Nahrain University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v7i4.535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204177","display_name":"Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences","issn_l":"2706-9907","issn":["2706-9907","2706-9915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366147104","host_organization_name":"Al-Nahrain University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366147104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Al-Nahrain University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015449772","https://openalex.org/W2806295635","https://openalex.org/W2917025828","https://openalex.org/W2920817146","https://openalex.org/W2942579398","https://openalex.org/W2944350467","https://openalex.org/W3007757041","https://openalex.org/W3113859820","https://openalex.org/W3155824129","https://openalex.org/W3208619873","https://openalex.org/W3209094211","https://openalex.org/W4200520578","https://openalex.org/W4211134725","https://openalex.org/W4223642342","https://openalex.org/W4297235806","https://openalex.org/W4378745282","https://openalex.org/W4386153206","https://openalex.org/W4394747404","https://openalex.org/W4402754981","https://openalex.org/W4417479366","https://openalex.org/W7025044264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3112814943","https://openalex.org/W3165039508","https://openalex.org/W2281165819","https://openalex.org/W3209094211","https://openalex.org/W3030963842","https://openalex.org/W2113396136","https://openalex.org/W2743088412","https://openalex.org/W7198877025","https://openalex.org/W2371273195","https://openalex.org/W2962714312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,245],"Gensini":[2,51,87,108,138,163,170,177,223,253,283],"score":[3,52,109,139,164,178,254,284],"is":[4,34,270],"an":[5],"angiographic":[6,32],"measure":[7],"of":[8,42,53,113,148,151,275,292],"coronary":[9,24,75,98,266,293,307],"artery":[10,267],"disease":[11],"burden.":[12],"Cardiac":[13,61],"biochemical":[14],"Biomarkers":[15],"and":[16,59,65,92,118,120,126,143,155,184,214,255,259,278,289,295,305],"lipid":[17,212],"profile":[18,213],"abnormalities":[19],"are":[20],"common":[21],"in":[22,68,130,189],"acute":[23],"syndrome":[25,268],"(ACS),":[26],"but":[27],"their":[28,156],"direct":[29],"association":[30,157],"with":[31,54,85,110,158,175,179,229],"severity":[33,269],"not":[35,226],"always":[36],"clear.":[37],"Objective:":[38],"study":[39,147,247],"the":[40,48,152,162,190,211,222,282,286,296],"Severity":[41],"Coronary":[43,70],"Artery":[44],"Syndrome":[45,71],"by":[46,272],"assess":[47,105],"relationship":[49],"between":[50,107,252],"(Galectin-3,":[55],"ST2,":[56],"Angiotensin":[57],"II,":[58,116],"TGF-\u03b2),":[60],"Biomarkers,":[62],"Lipid":[63],"Profile,":[64],"Renal":[66],"Function":[67],"Acute":[69],"Patients":[72],"who":[73,96],"underwent":[74,97],"angiography.":[76,99],"Methods:":[77],"This":[78],"cross-sectional":[79],"analysis":[80],"included":[81],"31":[82],"ACS":[83],"patients":[84,131,167,174],"available":[86],"scores,":[88],"including":[89],"17":[90],"STEMI":[91,173],"14":[93],"NSTEMI":[94,166],"cases":[95],"Spearman":[100],"correlation":[101],"was":[102,165,225],"used":[103],"to":[104,136],"associations":[106],"Serum":[111],"levels":[112],"galectin-3,":[114],"angiotensin":[115,197],"TGF-\u03b2":[117,206],"sST2":[119],"total":[121,234],"cholesterol,":[122],"triglycerides,":[123],"LDL-C,":[124],"troponin,":[125],"CK-MB.":[127],"Urea,":[128],"creatinine":[129,232],"were":[132,186],"also":[133],"compared":[134],"according":[135],"median":[137],"(\u226436":[140],"vs":[141],">36)":[142],"markers.":[144],"for":[145],"statistical":[146],"diagnostic":[149],"performance":[150],"researched":[153],"biomarkers":[154,183,258],"illness":[159],"severity.":[160],"Results:":[161],"had":[168],"higher":[169,188],"scores":[171],"than":[172],"[p<0.001].":[176],"All":[180],"four":[181],"investigational":[182],"CK-MB":[185,260],"significantly":[187,227],"high-Gensini":[191],"subgroup.":[192],"Galectin-3":[193],"(p":[194,199,203,207],"=":[195,200,204,208],"0.025);":[196],"II":[198],"0.023);":[201],"ST2:":[202],"0.041);":[205],"0.023).":[209],"Troponin,":[210],"renal":[215],"parameters":[216],"showed":[217],"no":[218],"significant":[219,249],"differences":[220],"across":[221],"split.":[224],"correlated":[228],"urea":[230],"(\u03c1=-0.023),":[231],"(\u03c1=-0.034),":[233],"cholesterol":[235],"(\u03c1=0.058),":[236],"triglycerides":[237],"(\u03c1=-0.132),":[238],"LDL-C":[239],"(\u03c1=-0.081),":[240],"or":[241],"troponin":[242],"(\u03c1=-0.280)":[243],"Conclusion:":[244],"present":[246],"demonstrated":[248],"positive":[250],"correlations":[251],"all":[256],"investigated":[257],"These":[261],"findings":[262],"suggest":[263],"that":[264],"increasing":[265],"accompanied":[271],"enhanced":[273],"activation":[274],"inflammatory,":[276],"fibrotic,":[277],"neurohormonal":[279],"pathways.":[280],"Since":[281],"reflects":[285],"cumulative":[287],"burden":[288],"anatomical":[290],"complexity":[291],"atherosclerosis":[294],"underlying":[297],"pathophysiological":[298],"processes":[299],"driving":[300],"plaque":[301],"progression,":[302],"vascular":[303],"remodeling,":[304],"chronic":[306],"damage":[308]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}
