{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207615219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.70428","title":"A Stepwise Skin Irritation Assessment Approach Integrating in Vitro Skin Irritation Testing and Human Patch Testing","display_name":"A Stepwise Skin Irritation Assessment Approach Integrating in Vitro Skin Irritation Testing and Human Patch Testing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207615219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.70428","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jat.70428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.70428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.70428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81851855","display_name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","issn_l":"0260-437X","issn":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046600020","display_name":"Hidefumi Ikeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8506-9790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8506-9790"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265512","display_name":"Mandom Corp. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0517pdh87","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265512"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hidefumi Ikeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mandom Corporation  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8506-9790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mandom Corporation  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029195277","display_name":"Masayuki Takaishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3191-0603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3191-0603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265512","display_name":"Mandom Corp. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0517pdh87","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265512"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki Takaishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mandom Corporation  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3191-0603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mandom Corporation  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068593141","display_name":"Maori Kono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9821-9656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9821-9656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265512","display_name":"Mandom Corp. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0517pdh87","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265512"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maori Kono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mandom Corporation  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9821-9656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mandom Corporation  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079604706","display_name":"Maki Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-3205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-3205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152535","display_name":"Kobayashi Pharmaceutical (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf2n046","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152535"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maki Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kobayashi Pharmaceutical co., Ltd  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobayashi Pharmaceutical co., Ltd  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149679396","display_name":"Mamoru Sugihara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152535","display_name":"Kobayashi Pharmaceutical (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf2n046","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152535"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoru Sugihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kobayashi Pharmaceutical co., Ltd  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobayashi Pharmaceutical co., Ltd  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shinji Sakane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117482","display_name":"Sunstar (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtp2k51","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117482"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinji Sakane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunstar Inc  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunstar Inc  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018148285","display_name":"Kazuhiko Umeshita","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117482","display_name":"Sunstar (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtp2k51","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117482"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuhiko Umeshita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunstar Inc  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunstar Inc  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071565812","display_name":"Kei Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-523X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-523X","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3590-1938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117482","display_name":"Sunstar (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtp2k51","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117482"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kei Yamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunstar Inc  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunstar Inc  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mitsuko Hatanaka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273939","display_name":"Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r4g4w23","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273939"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitsuko Hatanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Tissue Engineering co., Ltd  Aichi Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Tissue Engineering co., Ltd  Aichi Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038267133","display_name":"Hiromichi Mitake","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273939","display_name":"Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r4g4w23","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273939"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiromichi Mitake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Tissue Engineering co., Ltd  Aichi Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Tissue Engineering co., Ltd  Aichi Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087480313","display_name":"Shigehiro Tachibana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122431","display_name":"Food and Drug Safety Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmwfb84","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigehiro Tachibana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute  Kanagawa Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute  Kanagawa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016142681","display_name":"Kazuto Narita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-3395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-3395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122431","display_name":"Food and Drug Safety Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmwfb84","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuto Narita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute  Kanagawa Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute  Kanagawa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149622087","display_name":"Daisuke Muramatsu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daisuke Muramatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DRC co., Ltd  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DRC co., Ltd  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149846672","display_name":"Masafumi Takano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masafumi Takano","raw_affiliation_strings":["DRC co., Ltd  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DRC co., Ltd  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kenichi Takano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenichi Takano","raw_affiliation_strings":["DRC co., Ltd  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DRC co., Ltd  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014114587","display_name":"\u82f1\u6a39 \u897f\u6d66","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273902","display_name":"TOA Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nznfy51","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273902"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideki Nishiura","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOA Inc  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOA Inc  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149937766","display_name":"Hayato Yamaoka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273902","display_name":"TOA Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nznfy51","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273902"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayato Yamaoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOA Inc  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOA Inc  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149814991","display_name":"Masaya Ito","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273902","display_name":"TOA Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nznfy51","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273902"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaya Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOA Inc  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOA Inc  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001339530","display_name":"Tetsuo Furuno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-8910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-8910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123942","display_name":"Rohto Pharmaceutical (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y8ft411","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123942"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuo Furuno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rohto Pharmaceutical co., Ltd  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-8910","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rohto Pharmaceutical co., Ltd  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028044180","display_name":"Mami Kawai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123942","display_name":"Rohto Pharmaceutical (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y8ft411","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123942"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mami Kawai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rohto Pharmaceutical co., Ltd  Osaka Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rohto Pharmaceutical co., Ltd  Osaka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037196200","display_name":"Noriyasu Imai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-4292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-4292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091931","display_name":"KOS\u00c9 (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00jep9q10","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264189","display_name":"KOS\u00c9 Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/016zsrf24","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264189"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noriyasu Imai","raw_affiliation_strings":["KOS\u00c9 Corporation  Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KOS\u00c9 Corporation  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091931","https://openalex.org/I4405264189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002719564","display_name":"Mariko Sugiyama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariko Sugiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Incorporated Association SSCI\u2010Net  Aichi Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Incorporated Association SSCI\u2010Net  Aichi Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085642022","display_name":"Morihiko Hirota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-5015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-5015"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123820","display_name":"Shiseido Group (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/03da3g825","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123820"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morihiko Hirota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA)  Tokyo Japan","Shiseido Brand Value R&amp;D Institute  Kanagawa Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-5015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA)  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shiseido Brand Value R&amp;D Institute  Kanagawa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078819665","display_name":"Akiko Yagami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-5454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-5454"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145673806","display_name":"Fujita Health University","ror":"https://ror.org/046f6cx68","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145673806"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akiko Yagami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Allergology Fujita Health University School of Medicine  Aichi Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Allergology Fujita Health University School of Medicine  Aichi Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145673806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041921949","display_name":"Takao Ashikaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-3821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-3821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151964","display_name":"National Institute of Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04s629c33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333985979","https://openalex.org/I4210151964"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takao Ashikaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Health Sciences  Kanagawa Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Health Sciences  Kanagawa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151964"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046600020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265512"],"apc_list":{"value":3940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3940},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64718359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11033","display_name":"Contact Dermatitis and Allergies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11033","display_name":"Contact Dermatitis and Allergies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10837","display_name":"Dermatology and Skin Diseases","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconstructed-human-epidermis","display_name":"reconstructed human epidermis","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlaboratory-reproducibility","display_name":"interlaboratory reproducibility","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmetic-ingredients","display_name":"cosmetic ingredients","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surfactants","display_name":"surfactants","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stopping-criterion","display_name":"stopping rules","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternatives-to-animal-testing","display_name":"alternatives to animal testing","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Irritation","level":2,"score":0.8550999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019129585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Skin irritation","level":2,"score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779717098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131207","display_name":"Cosmetics","level":2,"score":0.6049000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5777999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777459323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5259911","display_name":"Human skin","level":2,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778715236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55622662","display_name":"Discontinuation","level":2,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279","display_name":"Guideline","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020497150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347105","display_name":"Patch testing","level":4,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140764562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2056643","display_name":"Patch test","level":3,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33618052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6013136","display_name":"In vitro toxicology","level":3,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520753416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38344","display_name":"Animal testing","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778091633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783903","display_name":"Contact dermatitis","level":3,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020792226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331083","display_name":"Human use","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779121184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166142","display_name":"Erythema","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994251472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Eye irritation","level":3,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Human studies","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776056826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16242752","display_name":"Allergic contact dermatitis","level":3,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780576536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451065","display_name":"Sensitive skin","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jat.70428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.70428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.70428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81851855","display_name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","issn_l":"0260-437X","issn":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42687211","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42687211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of applied toxicology : JAT","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311405","display_name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/004rtk039"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W881381124","https://openalex.org/W1525608420","https://openalex.org/W1966653862","https://openalex.org/W2000577812","https://openalex.org/W2036193434","https://openalex.org/W2042751368","https://openalex.org/W2081159973","https://openalex.org/W2093905790","https://openalex.org/W2140356372","https://openalex.org/W2168111483","https://openalex.org/W2409281298","https://openalex.org/W2808720126","https://openalex.org/W2901982437","https://openalex.org/W3094069754","https://openalex.org/W3199111252","https://openalex.org/W4205905034","https://openalex.org/W4248624109","https://openalex.org/W4249538119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199111252","https://openalex.org/W1967803894","https://openalex.org/W2901982437","https://openalex.org/W4249145802","https://openalex.org/W2020772950","https://openalex.org/W3093048815","https://openalex.org/W3164112536","https://openalex.org/W2768228983","https://openalex.org/W2624855093","https://openalex.org/W2954050420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cosmetic":[0],"and":[1,45,60,68,92,110,142,185,198,226,241],"quasi-drug":[2],"ingredients":[3],"intended":[4],"for":[5,24,42,125,215],"daily":[6],"use":[7],"require":[8],"reliable":[9],"skin":[10,80],"irritation":[11,81,94,217],"assessment.":[12],"However,":[13,180],"restrictions":[14],"on":[15,27],"animal":[16],"testing,":[17],"including":[18],"the":[19,31,77,100,171,200,231],"European":[20],"Union":[21],"marketing":[22],"ban":[23],"cosmetics":[25],"tested":[26],"animals,":[28],"have":[29],"prompted":[30],"adoption":[32],"of":[33,58,62,102,144,195,202,234],"reconstructed":[34],"human":[35,87,216,239],"epidermis":[36],"(RhE)":[37],"assays,":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40,73,210],"Organization":[41],"Economic":[43],"Co-operation":[44],"Development":[46],"(OECD)":[47],"Test":[48],"Guideline":[49],"439":[50],"(TG439).":[51],"Although":[52],"TG439":[53,103,116,159,209],"identifies":[54],"Globally":[55],"Harmonized":[56],"System":[57],"Classification":[59],"Labelling":[61],"Chemicals":[63],"(GHS)":[64],"Category":[65,70],"2":[66],"irritants":[67],"No":[69],"(non-irritant)":[71],"chemicals":[72],"an":[74],"alternative":[75],"to":[76,85,89,119,140,151,238],"4-h":[78],"rabbit":[79],"test,":[82],"its":[83],"ability":[84],"predict":[86],"responses":[88],"24-h":[90,130],"exposure":[91],"mild":[93],"remains":[95],"limited.":[96],"This":[97],"study":[98],"evaluated":[99],"reproducibility":[101],"across":[104],"six":[105],"laboratories":[106],"using":[107,137],"LabCyte":[108],"EPI-MODEL24":[109],"a":[111,121,211,222],"standardized":[112],"stepwise":[113,138,223],"dilution":[114],"design.":[115],"was":[117],"used":[118],"determine":[120],"\"TG439":[122],"non-irritant":[123],"concentration\"":[124],"17":[126],"test":[127,162,178],"substances.":[128],"Human":[129],"closed":[131],"patch":[132],"tests":[133],"were":[134],"then":[135],"performed":[136],"escalation":[139,197],"one-quarter":[141],"one-half":[143],"this":[145],"concentration,":[146],"with":[147,221],"predefined":[148,203,227],"stopping":[149,204],"criteria":[150],"ensure":[152],"subject":[153],"safety.":[154],"Inter-laboratory":[155],"control":[156],"results":[157],"confirmed":[158],"reproducibility.":[160],"Most":[161],"substances":[163],"exhibited":[164],"Sugai's":[165],"Irritation":[166],"Index":[167],"(S.I.I.)":[168],"values":[169],"within":[170],"\"Safe\"":[172],"or":[173],"\"Acceptable\"":[174],"categories":[175],"at":[176],"both":[177],"concentrations.":[179],"selected":[181],"surfactants,":[182],"cationic":[183],"preservatives,":[184],"hair":[186],"dye":[187],"intermediates":[188],"produced":[189],"elevated":[190],"S.I.I.":[191],"values,":[192],"requiring":[193],"discontinuation":[194],"concentration":[196,224],"highlighting":[199],"importance":[201],"criteria.":[205],"These":[206],"findings":[207,237],"support":[208],"practical":[212],"starting":[213],"point":[214],"testing":[218,240],"when":[219],"combined":[220],"approach":[225],"safety":[228],"criteria,":[229],"enabling":[230],"ethical":[232],"translation":[233],"in":[235],"vitro":[236],"extending":[242],"TG439-based":[243],"evaluation":[244],"beyond":[245],"\"harmless":[246],"ingredients.\"":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}
