{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207614031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","title":"A simulation-based context-aware multimodal ML framework for proactive worker safety monitoring in resource-constrained factories","display_name":"A simulation-based context-aware multimodal ML framework for proactive worker safety monitoring in resource-constrained factories","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207614031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.101198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590005626005217/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194039","display_name":"Array","issn_l":"2590-0056","issn":["2590-0056"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Array","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590005626005217/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117071923","display_name":"Nasif Morshed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2455-9478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2455-9478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307585291","display_name":"Khulna University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y58d606","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasif Morshed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2455-9478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133335458","display_name":"Md. Saiful Islam Seam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1249-9525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1249-9525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307585291","display_name":"Khulna University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y58d606","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Saiful Islam Seam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1249-9525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133347413","display_name":"Md. Zaid Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3301-3609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3301-3609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307585291","display_name":"Khulna University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y58d606","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Zaid Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3301-3609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100637607","display_name":"Md Al Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-3037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-3037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307585291","display_name":"Khulna University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y58d606","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Al Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Khulna University of Engineering and Technology , Khulna- 9203 , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-3037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Khulna University of Engineering and Technology , Khulna- 9203 , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100637607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"],"apc_list":{"value":1680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1680},"apc_paid":{"value":1680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1680},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72168812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"101198","last_page":"101198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14091","display_name":"Industrial and Mining Safety","score":0.05079999938607216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worker-safety-monitoring","display_name":"worker safety monitoring","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-safety","display_name":"occupational safety","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-protective-equipment-detection","display_name":"personal protective equipment detection","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-sensor-data","display_name":"environmental sensor data","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-in-the-loop-review","display_name":"human-in-the-loop review","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yolov8","display_name":"YOLOv8","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-based-assessment","display_name":"simulation-based assessment","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7231000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777488183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6900510","display_name":"Safety monitoring","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34602496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271882","display_name":"Sequential probability ratio test","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14401","display_name":"Kappa","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590005626005217/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194039","display_name":"Array","issn_l":"2590-0056","issn":["2590-0056"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Array","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fbf6960b859d4d9c9af9d1655d175b60","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fbf6960b859d4d9c9af9d1655d175b60","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Array, Vol 31, Iss , Pp 101198- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.101198","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590005626005217/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194039","display_name":"Array","issn_l":"2590-0056","issn":["2590-0056"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Array","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4106687009334564}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7207614031.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7207614031.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2761109057","https://openalex.org/W2886729234","https://openalex.org/W2888738049","https://openalex.org/W2904130455","https://openalex.org/W2914232983","https://openalex.org/W2942613336","https://openalex.org/W2950573320","https://openalex.org/W3044243371","https://openalex.org/W3091781205","https://openalex.org/W3151685851","https://openalex.org/W4285011984","https://openalex.org/W4297200836","https://openalex.org/W4302763522","https://openalex.org/W4382939634","https://openalex.org/W4400574936","https://openalex.org/W4407429966","https://openalex.org/W4409804760","https://openalex.org/W4411858435","https://openalex.org/W4411867252","https://openalex.org/W4412107059","https://openalex.org/W4412190092","https://openalex.org/W4413111882"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Occupational":[0],"safety":[1,23],"monitoring":[2],"in":[3,204],"resource-constrained":[4],"factories":[5],"remains":[6,246],"dominated":[7],"by":[8,70,192],"manual":[9],"and":[10,38,51,82,111,123,130,162,175,188,218,233,236],"reactive":[11],"inspection.":[12],"This":[13],"study":[14],"presents":[15],"a":[16,21,52,112],"simulation-based":[17],"proof-of-concept":[18],"evaluation":[19,59],"of":[20,168],"context-aware":[22],"decision":[24],"architecture":[25],"that":[26,76,96],"integrates":[27],"three":[28],"sensing":[29],"modalities":[30],"-":[31,42],"environmental":[32],"measurements,":[33],"proposed":[34,216],"image-based":[35],"PPE":[36,80],"detection,":[37],"RFID":[39],"zone":[40,83,237],"tracking":[41],"together":[43],"with":[44,199],"incident-history":[45],"context,":[46],"an":[47,205],"explicit":[48],"rule":[49,74],"table,":[50],"designed":[53],"human-in-the-loop":[54],"(HITL)":[55],"review":[56],"layer.":[57],"The":[58,215,225],"uses":[60],"300":[61],"simulated":[62],"observations.":[63],"Because":[64],"the":[65,71,92,117,186,240],"target":[66],"classes":[67],"were":[68,106,221],"generated":[69],"same":[72],"expert-defined":[73],"table":[75],"maps":[77],"sensor":[78,235],"risk,":[79],"status,":[81],"level":[84],"to":[85],"No":[86],"Alert,":[87],"Warning,":[88],"or":[89],"High":[90],"Risk,":[91],"supervised":[93],"classifiers":[94,105],"approximate":[95],"policy":[97],"rather":[98],"than":[99],"predict":[100],"independently":[101],"observed":[102],"accidents.":[103],"Six":[104],"compared":[107],"using":[108],"stratified":[109],"cross-validation":[110,184],"held-out":[113,127,165],"test":[114,208],"partition.":[115],"At":[116],"original":[118],"seed-42":[119],"split,":[120],"Random":[121,173],"Forest":[122,174],"XGBoost":[124],"produced":[125],"identical":[126],"results":[128,226],"(accuracy":[129],"weighted":[131,166,197],"F1":[132,136,167],"=":[133,137,141,145,149,210,213],"0.833;":[134],"macro":[135],"0.829;":[138],"balanced":[139],"accuracy":[140],"0.800;":[142],"Cohen's":[143],"kappa":[144],"0.718;":[146],"High-Risk":[147],"recall":[148],"0.700).":[150],"A":[151],"supplementary":[152],"reconstructed":[153],"fixed-dataset":[154],"analysis":[155],"across":[156],"seeds":[157],"0,":[158],"1,":[159],"42,":[160],"123,":[161],"999":[163],"yielded":[164],"0.836":[169],"+/-":[170,177,195],"0.022":[171],"for":[172,179],"0.859":[176],"0.027":[178],"XGBoost.":[180],"Across":[181],"five":[182],"seed-level":[183],"means,":[185],"Full":[187],"Sensor+Zone":[189],"configurations":[190],"differed":[191],"only":[193],"0.003":[194],"0.012":[196],"F1,":[198],"no":[200],"significant":[201],"difference":[202],"detected":[203],"exploratory":[206],"paired":[207],"(W":[209],"5.0,":[211],"p":[212],"0.625).":[214],"YOLOv8":[217],"HITL":[219],"components":[220],"not":[222],"empirically":[223],"validated.":[224],"therefore":[227],"demonstrate":[228],"policy-approximation":[229],"feasibility":[230],"under":[231],"simulation":[232],"identify":[234],"information":[238],"as":[239],"dominant":[241],"contributors,":[242],"while":[243],"real-factory":[244],"validation":[245],"essential.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T09:40:40.371523","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}