{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207610254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.136356","title":"A nanoengineered MSC therapeutic for synergistic therapy of lupus nephritis via cfDNA clearance and targeted immunomodulation","display_name":"A nanoengineered MSC therapeutic for synergistic therapy of lupus nephritis via cfDNA clearance and targeted immunomodulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207610254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.136356","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42909248","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13684394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7150/thno.136356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.136356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.136356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482500137","display_name":"Theranostics","issn_l":"1838-7640","issn":["1838-7640"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317973","host_organization_name":"Ivyspring International Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ivyspring International Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theranostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.136356","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101506583","display_name":"Jiang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-8135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-8135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111013","display_name":"Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/026axqv54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111013","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101118056","display_name":"Qinyao Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136596","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t1yn780","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinyao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137160487","display_name":"Zexin Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136596","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t1yn780","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379695","display_name":"Zeyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6675-5399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6675-5399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136596","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t1yn780","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074972589","display_name":"Haofang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-2823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-2823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136596","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t1yn780","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haofang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149771279","display_name":"Lingyun Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111013","display_name":"Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/026axqv54","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149412","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/047aw1y82","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111013","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069052576","display_name":"Zhongwei Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1547-6880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1547-6880"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongwei Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101118056","https://openalex.org/A5101506583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111013","https://openalex.org/I4210136596","https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"AUD","value_usd":1671},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"AUD","value_usd":1671},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64192728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"16","first_page":"9145","last_page":"9164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.43209999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.43209999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10176","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell research","score":0.41260001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.10360000282526016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lupus-nephritis","display_name":"lupus nephritis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesenchymal-stem-cells","display_name":"mesenchymal stem cells","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-free-dna","display_name":"cell-free DNA","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacrolimus","display_name":"tacrolimus","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-drug-delivery","display_name":"targeted drug delivery","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-activation","display_name":"T cell activation","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll-like-receptor-signaling","display_name":"Toll-like receptor signaling","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrl-lpr-mice","display_name":"MRL/lpr mice","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteinuria","display_name":"proteinuria","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glomerular-injury","display_name":"glomerular injury","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomedicine","display_name":"nanomedicine","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779912601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1621830","display_name":"Lupus nephritis","level":3,"score":0.8475000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7197999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777058396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q401402","display_name":"Nephritis","level":2,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198826908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1922379","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775915377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188297","display_name":"Lupus erythematosus","level":3,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776912625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485","display_name":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","level":3,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084905","display_name":"Autoimmune disease","level":3,"score":0.2720000147819519}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000080385","descriptor_name":"Nanogels","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007166","descriptor_name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008181","descriptor_name":"Lupus Nephritis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008181","descriptor_name":"Lupus Nephritis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011107","descriptor_name":"Polylysine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016559","descriptor_name":"Tacrolimus","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019463","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred MRL lpr","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045164","descriptor_name":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050091","descriptor_name":"Dendrimers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056747","descriptor_name":"Immunomodulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059630","descriptor_name":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7150/thno.136356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.136356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.136356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482500137","display_name":"Theranostics","issn_l":"1838-7640","issn":["1838-7640"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317973","host_organization_name":"Ivyspring International Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ivyspring International Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theranostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42909248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42909248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theranostics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13684394","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13684394/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theranostics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7150/thno.136356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.136356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.136356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482500137","display_name":"Theranostics","issn_l":"1838-7640","issn":["1838-7640"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317973","host_organization_name":"Ivyspring International Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ivyspring International Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theranostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405369219","https://openalex.org/W7162521278","https://openalex.org/W4402944014","https://openalex.org/W4313383338","https://openalex.org/W3137448824","https://openalex.org/W4366601948","https://openalex.org/W4220678079","https://openalex.org/W7163146346","https://openalex.org/W3033575554","https://openalex.org/W4415039202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rationale:":[0],"Lupus":[1],"nephritis":[2],"(LN)":[3],"remains":[4],"a":[5,29,40,114,152,175,183],"clinical":[6],"challenge":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,105,178,190],"the":[10,17,48,61,71,78,82,102,106,123,136],"dose-limiting":[11],"toxicity":[12],"of":[13,20,75,81,140,155,159,164],"conventional":[14],"immunosuppressants":[15],"and":[16,110,162,166,193],"poor":[18],"engraftment/efficacy":[19],"mesenchymal":[21],"stromal":[22],"cell":[23],"(MSC)":[24],"therapies.":[25],"Methods:":[26],"We":[27,170],"report":[28],"novel":[30],"nanoengineered":[31],"MSC":[32,62],"therapeutic":[33],"for":[34,86],"LN":[35],"by":[36],"engineering":[37],"MSCs":[38],"with":[39,135],"cell-free":[41],"DNA":[42],"(cfDNA)-targeting":[43],"dendritic":[44],"nanogel.":[45],"To":[46],"obtain":[47],"hybrid":[49],"MSC-G3K@T":[50,173],"system,":[51],"we":[52],"coupled":[53],"tacrolimus-loaded,":[54],"disulfide-crosslinked":[55],"polylysine":[56],"dendrimer":[57,85],"nanogels":[58],"(G3K@T)":[59],"onto":[60],"membrane.":[63],"Our":[64,95],"system":[65,96],"exploits":[66],"two":[67,99],"synergistic":[68],"targeting":[69],"strategies:":[70],"innate":[72],"homing":[73],"capacity":[74],"MSCs,":[76,141],"plus":[77],"specific":[79],"affinity":[80],"cationic":[83],"G3K":[84],"anionic":[87],"cfDNA,":[88,128],"which":[89],"enriches":[90],"in":[91,113,148],"inflamed":[92],"kidneys.":[93],"Results:":[94],"acts":[97],"through":[98],"coordinated":[100],"actions:":[101],"nanogel":[103],"responds":[104],"oxidative":[107],"renal":[108],"microenvironment":[109],"releases":[111],"tacrolimus":[112],"spatiotemporally":[115],"controlled":[116],"manner,":[117],"thereby":[118],"suppressing":[119],"T-cell":[120,156],"activation.":[121],"At":[122],"same":[124],"time,":[125],"it":[126],"scavenges":[127],"blocking":[129],"TLR-mediated":[130],"pro-inflammatory":[131],"signaling.":[132],"Working":[133],"together":[134],"inherent":[137],"immunomodulatory":[138],"functions":[139],"this":[142],"dual-action":[143],"strategy":[144],"yielded":[145],"robust":[146],"efficacy":[147],"MRL/lpr":[149],"mice,":[150],"including":[151],"significant":[153],"reversal":[154],"dysregulation,":[157],"restoration":[158],"glomerular":[160],"integrity,":[161],"reduction":[163],"proteinuria":[165],"IgG":[167],"deposition.":[168],"Conclusions:":[169],"propose":[171],"that":[172,186],"offers":[174],"promising":[176],"route":[177],"augment":[179],"cell-based":[180],"therapies,":[181],"creating":[182],"versatile":[184],"platform":[185],"could":[187],"be":[188],"used":[189],"treat":[191],"autoimmune":[192],"inflammatory":[194],"diseases.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}
