{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7207601116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","title":"Exploring rhythmic and melodic preferences in budgerigars: Individual and possible sex-related variation","display_name":"Exploring rhythmic and melodic preferences in budgerigars: Individual and possible sex-related variation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7207601116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.30.748169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/03/2026.08.30.748169.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/03/2026.08.30.748169.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042648809","display_name":"Masumi Wakita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-1856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-1856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87531838","display_name":"Teikyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gaw2478","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87531838"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masumi Wakita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Teikyo University, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0395, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-1856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Teikyo University, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0395, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87531838"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042648809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87531838"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11665","display_name":"Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11665","display_name":"Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budgerigars","display_name":"budgerigars","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocal-learning","display_name":"vocal learning","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-preference","display_name":"auditory preference","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-structure","display_name":"temporal structure","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch-variability","display_name":"pitch variation","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-individual-variability","display_name":"interindividual variability","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43803900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170412","display_name":"Melody","level":3,"score":0.8615000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.7621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6261000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.526199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.49880000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992428333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11461","display_name":"Sound production","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988483714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859031","display_name":"Auditory stimuli","level":3,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160289","display_name":"Auditory perception","level":3,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/03/2026.08.30.748169.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.30.748169","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/03/2026.08.30.748169.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1634417690","display_name":"Quest for the origin of language in non-human animals","funder_award_id":"21K12606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7207601116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7207601116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969409946","https://openalex.org/W1977625916","https://openalex.org/W1984552062","https://openalex.org/W1985318982","https://openalex.org/W2017895081","https://openalex.org/W2023565057","https://openalex.org/W2028006397","https://openalex.org/W2028441954","https://openalex.org/W2050419830","https://openalex.org/W2054221077","https://openalex.org/W2060751869","https://openalex.org/W2064314870","https://openalex.org/W2098800981","https://openalex.org/W2102224657","https://openalex.org/W2124737597","https://openalex.org/W2140686411","https://openalex.org/W2143827132","https://openalex.org/W2151116952","https://openalex.org/W2168729844","https://openalex.org/W2170355437","https://openalex.org/W2281537453","https://openalex.org/W2405344197","https://openalex.org/W2466977749","https://openalex.org/W2529631759","https://openalex.org/W2803878726","https://openalex.org/W2897074642","https://openalex.org/W2930986505","https://openalex.org/W3035876833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2529631759","https://openalex.org/W7168389748","https://openalex.org/W7214019900","https://openalex.org/W4417045653","https://openalex.org/W3183895144","https://openalex.org/W4293385381","https://openalex.org/W2028106751","https://openalex.org/W2017487009","https://openalex.org/W3035876833","https://openalex.org/W2071178412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Budgerigars":[1],"(Melopsittacus":[2],"undulatus)":[3],"are":[4],"vocal-learning":[5],"birds":[6],"with":[7,51,92,117,150,189],"well-developed":[8],"auditory":[9,195],"abilities,":[10],"but":[11],"how":[12,183],"they":[13],"behaviorally":[14,185],"evaluate":[15],"melodic":[16,131],"and":[17,35,45,74,78],"rhythmic":[18,120,133],"structure":[19],"in":[20,56,88,144,147,158,163,182],"sound":[21,54],"sequences":[22,55,118],"remains":[23],"unclear.":[24],"We":[25],"examined":[26],"whether":[27,36],"budgerigars":[28,48,184],"show":[29],"preferences":[30,38],"for":[31],"these":[32],"acoustic":[33],"features":[34],"such":[37],"differ":[39],"between":[40],"the":[41,85,89,100,168,199],"sexes.":[42],"Three":[43],"male":[44],"three":[46,160,165],"female":[47],"were":[49,103,156],"presented":[50],"four":[52,101],"8-s":[53],"a":[57,178],"preference":[58,127],"apparatus:":[59],"Simple":[60],"(no":[61],"pitch":[62,77],"or":[63,132],"temporal":[64,79,187],"variation),":[65],"Melody":[66],"(pitch":[67],"variation":[68,72],"only),":[69,73],"Rhythm":[70],"(temporal":[71],"Complex":[75],"(both":[76],"variation).":[80],"Preference":[81],"was":[82,171],"quantified":[83],"as":[84],"time":[86,116],"spent":[87,114],"area":[90],"associated":[91],"each":[93],"stimulus.":[94],"No":[95],"statistically":[96,173],"significant":[97],"differences":[98],"among":[99,141,194],"stimuli":[102],"detected":[104],"within":[105],"individuals.":[106],"However,":[107],"effect-size":[108],"estimates":[109],"indicated":[110],"that":[111],"two":[112],"females":[113,145,161,190],"more":[115],"containing":[119],"structure,":[121,188],"whereas":[122],"males":[123],"showed":[124],"no":[125],"consistent":[126],"related":[128],"to":[129],"either":[130],"components.":[134],"Multidimensional":[135],"scaling":[136],"further":[137],"suggested":[138],"greater":[139,192],"separation":[140],"stimulus":[142],"conditions":[143],"than":[146,162],"males.":[148],"Consistent":[149],"this":[151],"pattern,":[152],"condition":[153],"differentiation":[154,193],"indices":[155],"higher":[157],"all":[159,164],"males,":[166],"although":[167],"sex":[169],"difference":[170,181],"not":[172],"significant.":[174],"These":[175],"results":[176],"suggest":[177],"possible":[179],"sex-related":[180],"weight":[186],"showing":[191],"sequence":[196],"types":[197],"under":[198],"present":[200],"testing":[201],"conditions.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-04T00:00:00"}
